The Fishery for Iceland Scallop (Chlamys islandica) in the Northeast Atlantic

Garcia, Elena Guijarro

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(06)51001-6

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The Iceland scallop is a long-lived species that most commonly dwells in waters between m with a preferred physical environment characterized by strong currents and temperatures between to 8°C [25] . Sexual maturity is related to food availability and surrounding temperature, and the size at maturity is estimated to be around cm shell height at the age of years [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scallop fishery in Iceland commenced in 1969. A combined effect of protozoan infestation and scallop dredging caused a steep descent in the stock index from 2000 to 2003, which led to a closure of the fishery in 2004 [17] , [18] . To develop the use of an AUV as a stock assessment tool is worthwhile for fragile habitats such as the current sampling grounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Small-Scale Comparison of Iceland Scallop Size Distributions Obtained from a Camera Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle and Dredge Survey

2014

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An approach is developed to estimate size of Iceland scallop shells from AUV photos. A small-scale camera based AUV survey of Iceland scallops was conducted at a defined site off West Iceland. Prior to height estimation of the identified shells, the distortions introduced by the vehicle orientation and the camera lens were corrected. The average AUV pitch and roll was and deg that resulted in error in ground distance rendering these effects negligible. A quadratic polynomial model was identified for lens distortion correction. This model successfully predicted a theoretical grid from a frame photographed underwater, representing the inherent lens distortion. The predicted shell heights were scaled for the distance from the bottom at which the photos were taken. This approach was validated by height estimation of scallops of known sizes. An underestimation of approximately cm was seen, which could be attributed to pixel error, where each pixel represented cm. After correcting for this difference the estimated heights ranged from cm. A comparison of the height-distribution from a small-scale dredge survey carried out in the vicinity showed non-overlapping peaks in size distribution, with scallops of a broader size range visible in the AUV survey. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate any underlying bias and to validate how representative these surveys are of the true population. The low resolution images made identification of smaller scallops difficult. Overall, the observations of very few small scallops in both surveys could be attributed to low recruitment levels in the recent years due to the known scallop parasite outbreak in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small-Scale Comparison of Iceland Scallop Size Distributions Obtained from a Camera Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle and Dredge Survey

2014

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“…Overfishing has caused serious population depletion of different scallop species such as C. 459 islandica (Garcia, 2006) Pair--wise differences …”

Section: Discussion 326 327mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation

Marín¹,

Fujimoto²,

Arai³

2013

Marine Genomics

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The population genetic structure of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus from three different wild populations along the Peruvian coast was analyzed using nine microsatellite loci and a partial region (530 bp) of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. A total of 19 polymorphic sites in the 16S rRNA gene defined 18 unique haplotypes. High genetic diversity was presented in all populations. Statistical analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed no significant genetic structure (ΦST=0.00511, P=0.32149) among the three localities. However, microsatellite analysis showed low (2.86%) but highly significant (P=0.0001) genetic differentiation among populations, most of the variation was found in Independencia Bay population, which is located in the Peruvian National Reserve of Paracas. Neutrality tests based on mitochondrial haplotypes were performed to assess signatures of recent historical demographic events. Overall results from Tajima's D and Fu's FS tests indicated significant deviations from neutrality. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first investigation based on mitochondrial and microsatellite markers on the genetic structure of A. purpuratus

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“…In the NE Atlantic it is found around Iceland, in the Barents Sea and from the northern part of Norway, south to Bergen and the Stavanger Fjord. In the NW Atlantic, it is found in West Greenland, from Thule in the north to Cape Farewell in the south and along the eastern coast of Canada, from Cumberland Peninsula, Hudson Bay and south to Massachusetts [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial fisheries of Iceland scallop have mainly been in Icelandic waters, but also on a smaller scale off West Greenland, in the Barents Sea and off the Atlantic coast of North America [ 1 ]. The fisheries in Iceland date back to 1969 with the main fishing grounds in Breidafjordur West Iceland, constituting 60–100% of the total catch, with the scallop industry forming a vital part of the economy in that region [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is an Apicomplexan Parasite Responsible for the Collapse of the Iceland Scallop (Chlamys islandica) Stock?

2015

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Due to the total and unexpected collapse of the Iceland scallop, Chlamys islandica, stocks around Iceland during the 2000s, a commercial fishing ban has been imposed on this valuable resource since 2003. Following the initial identification of an apicomplexan parasite in the scallops, a long-term surveillance program was established to evaluate the effect of the parasite on the population. The infections were highly prevalent in all shell sizes throughout the study. However, the parasite only impacts mature scallops where they cause severe macroscopic changes, characterized by an extensively diminished and abnormally coloured adductor muscle. A highly significant relationship was observed between infection intensity and gonad and adductor muscle indices. The first four years of the study, were characterized by high infection intensity and very poor condition of the adductor muscle and gonads, whilst during subsequent years, infections gradually decreased and the condition of the scallops improved. Histopathological changes were restricted to the presence of apicomplexan zoites which were widely distributed, causing varying degrees of pathology in all organs. In heavy infections, muscular and connective tissues were totally necrotized, destroying significant parts of numerous organs, especially the adductor muscle, digestive gland and gonads. The progression of the disease was in good synchrony with the mortality rates and the subsequent decline observed in the scallop stock and recruitment indices. Our findings strongly suggest that the apicomplexan parasite played a major role in the collapse of the Iceland scallop stock in Breidafjordur. In addition to causing mortality, the infections significantly impact gonad development which contributes further to the collapse of the stock in the form of lower larval recruitment. Furthermore, compelling evidence exists that this apicomplexan pathogen is causing serious disease outbreaks in other scallop populations. Similar abnormal adductor muscles and the parasite itself have been identified or observed in association with other mass mortality events in several different scallop species and commercial stocks in the northern hemisphere.

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The Fishery for Iceland Scallop (Chlamys islandica) in the Northeast Atlantic

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

A Small-Scale Comparison of Iceland Scallop Size Distributions Obtained from a Camera Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle and Dredge Survey

A Small-Scale Comparison of Iceland Scallop Size Distributions Obtained from a Camera Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle and Dredge Survey

Genetic structure of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation

Is an Apicomplexan Parasite Responsible for the Collapse of the Iceland Scallop (Chlamys islandica) Stock?

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