The Fish Community of Lake Superior

Lawrie, A. H.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(78)72219-7

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thus, the more transparent (Beeton, 1969) photic zones of Lakes Superior and Huron are probably better habitat for lake herring feeding than most of the more eutrophic and turbid lower lakes. Conversely, the aphotic zones of these lakes are probably unprofitable for lake herring feeding, and field observations in these lakes suggest that lake herring rarely inhabit depths much greater than the photic zones (Lawrie, 1978). Larger-bodied zooplankton more susceptible to lake herring predation concentrate in these aphotic zones during times of high light intensity in these photic zones (Bowers, 1988;Carter, 1969;Conway, 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of light on Lake Herring (coregonus artedi) reactive volume

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Edsall

1996

Hydrobiologia

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The lake herring (Coregonus artedi) is an important coldwater planktivore in the Laurentian Great Lakes and in smaller inland lakes in portions of Canada and the northern United States. Lake herring cruise the pelagia and feed selectively in both gulping and particulate modes. They are visual predators in environments with adequate illumination. Visual predation by fish consists of a series of discrete steps. We studied the first step in the predation sequence, reaction to prey, at light intensities of 2-1500 Lx in a simulated pelagic environment at lo-13'C. We measured lake herring reactive distances, the distance at which a prey item will be detected and attacked, to live Limnocalanus macrurus, a natural prey of lake herring in Lake Superior. We used the reactive distances and associated angles of bearing and elevation, which described the location of the prey relative to the lake herring, to calculate reactive volume. This reactive volume can be envisioned as an irregular sphere surrounding the fish, within which prey are detected and attacked. All of the attacks on prey occurred in the anterior portions of the sagittal and lateral planes of the lake herring, as would be expected for a pelagic, cruising fish. The reactive volume surrounding the lake herring was generally spherical, but was more irregular than the simple spheres, hemispheres, cylinders, cones or other geometries assumed in previous studies. The reactive distances and the reactive volume changed with light intensity and were significantly smaller at 2-10 Lx than at 40-1500 Lx. At 40-1500 Lx, the reactive volume was expanded over that observed at 2-10 Lx laterally and caudally. Collectively our results indicate that lake herring can visually forage most effectively in environments with light levels >lO Lx.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of light on Lake Herring (coregonus artedi) reactive volume

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Edsall

1996

Hydrobiologia

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“…The invasion of sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus put even more strain on the already declining lake trout stocks. The combination of overfishing and sea lamprey predation drove lake trout to extirpation by 1962 in all of the Great Lakes except remote areas in Lake Huron and Lake Superior (Berst and Spangler, 1973;Lawrie, 1978;Pycha, 1980). Fishery managers took steps to preserve and revive remaining lake trout stocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the sustainability of lake trout fisheries in eastern Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior

Nieland¹,

Hansen²,

Seider³

et al. 2008

Fisheries Research

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a b s t r a c tLake trout Salvelinus namaycush stocks in Lake Superior collapsed in the 1950s due to overfishing and sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus predation. Stocks were rehabilitated through stocking, sea lamprey control, and fishery regulation, but concern over lake trout population sustainability still exists because commercial and recreational fishing demand is high relative to productivity, and the currently accepted 42% total annual mortality rate has not been tested for sustainability. Our objective was to estimate the maximum sustainable (i.e., likely not to cause extirpation) fishing mortality and total annual mortality rates for lake trout in eastern Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior. We developed a dynamic, age-structured population model to predict future lake trout abundance. The simulation model included parameter uncertainty and autocorrelated process error in the stock-recruitment relationship and in sea lamprey mortality, and accounted for assessment and implementation error. We used mean abundance, mean total annual mortality rate, mean catch for the commercial and recreational fisheries, and probability of decline as performance metrics to evaluate a range of commercial and recreational fishing mortality rates and different assessment and implementation errors. Increasing assessment error led to undesirable outcomes (e.g., low mean abundance). However, varying implementation error had almost no effect on performance metrics. Increased commercial fishing had larger effects on performance metrics than recreational fishing. Combinations of commercial and recreational fishing mortality rates corresponding to total annual mortality rates of approximately 40% may be sustainable, and so the currently accepted 42% total annual mortality rate is also likely sustainable. However, we recommend that the amount of assessment error be more accurately quantified, low spawner abundance be avoided through the use of threshold management strategies, and commercial fishing quotas be closely monitored and enforced.

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“…Extensive stocking in the 1970s and 1980s produced populations of mature lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush, in all of the Great Lakes except Lake Erie (Lawrie 1978, Stewart et al 1981, Elrod & Schneider 1987. However, little natural reproduction of lake charr has been documented in the Great Lakes (except Lake Superior) for several decades (Jude et al 1981, Nester & Poe 1984, Marsden et al 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding rate of slimy sculpin and burbot on young lake charr in laboratory reefs

Savino

Henry

1991

Environ Biol Fish

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SynopsisPredation and contaminants are two possible factors in the poor recruitment of young lake charr Salvelinus namaycush in the Great Lakes. We measured the feeding rate of slimy sculpins Cottus cognatus and burbot Lota lota on young lake charr (uncontaminated young from eggs of a hatchery brood stock and contaminated young from eggs of Lake Michigan lake charr) in laboratory test chambers with a cobble substrate. The median daily consumption rate of sculpins for all tests was 2 lake charr eggs (N = 22 tests; 95% confidence interval, O-13) and 2 lake charr free embryos (N = 31 tests; 95% confidence interval, O-10). Feeding rate did not differ between hatchery and contaminated prey. Slimy sculpins continued to feed on lake charr when another prey organism, the deepwater amphipod Pontoporeia hoyi, was present. Feeding by burbot on free embryos (4-36 d-l) increased as the mobility of young increased, but burbot consumed about 10% of their body weight weekly in free-swimming young (140-380 d-l). Predation on lake charr eggs by sculpins could be considerable over the 100 to 140 d incubation period, and burbot could eat large numbers of free-swimming lake charr as the young fish left the reef. Predation pressure on young lake charr may inhibit rehabilitation of self-sustaining populations of lake charr on some reefs unless a critical egg density has been reached.

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The Fish Community of Lake Superior

Cited by 44 publications

References 55 publications

The effect of light on Lake Herring (coregonus artedi) reactive volume

The effect of light on Lake Herring (coregonus artedi) reactive volume

Modeling the sustainability of lake trout fisheries in eastern Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior

Feeding rate of slimy sculpin and burbot on young lake charr in laboratory reefs

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