The first year of life.

Bühler, Charlotte

doi:10.1037/11625-000

Cited by 97 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Our findings challenge some previous views that affective precursors of later expressions of sensitivity to others' emotions are confined in early infancy to global responses such as reactive or reflexive crying (Buhler, 1930;Sagi & Hoffman, 1976;Simner, 1971). Rather, they support the notion that sensitivity to maternal emotions is both present and functional within the first few postpartum months.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Infant sensitivity to negative maternal emotional shifts: Effects of infant sex, maternal postnatal depression, and interactive style

Hatzinikolaou

Murray

2010

Infant Mental Health Journal

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This study examined the effects of infant sex, maternal postnatal depression, and maternal interactive style on infant sensitivity to maternal negative emotional shifts. Face-to-face interactions of 68 mother-infant dyads were analyzed at 8 and 18 weeks. Twenty-five (28%) mothers had postnatal depression. Interactions were analyzed in terms of overall maternal interactive style: "sensitive," "anxious," "intrusive," and "sad." Episodes of negative shifts in maternal emotional expression were recorded, along with expressions of infant sensitivity to these changes. Daughters of depressed mothers showed higher rates of sensitivity to maternal negative emotion whereas their sons showed lower rates, in comparison to both girl and boy infants of well mothers. While maternal interactive style had no effect on 8-week infant sensitivity to maternal negative emotional shifts, high rates of 18-week infant sensitivity were predicted by both an 8-week and a concurrent, "sad" maternal interactive style. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of emotional and interpersonal development.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Infant sensitivity to negative maternal emotional shifts: Effects of infant sex, maternal postnatal depression, and interactive style

Hatzinikolaou

Murray

2010

Infant Mental Health Journal

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“…In many ways the objective of this report represents a return to our historical roots. Half a century ago the pioneering research of workers such as Bridges (1933), Biihler (1930), Dawe (1934), Isaacs (1933), and Parten (1932) represented a major effort to accomplish the goal of the systematic description of children's social interaction. Renshaw (1981, p. 9) noted, "These child psychologists were convinced that a science of child psychology would emerge only after the accumulation of basic observable facts .…”

Section: The Macro-coding System and Its Relationship To The First Comentioning

confidence: 99%

How Children Become Friends

Gottman

1983

Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

345

151

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“…Infants fed in an unfriendly atmosphere are likely to lose weight and vomit; the unwanted, rejected, or unloved infants are likely to suffer both physically and emotionally even when they receive all the required physical care. (1,2,14).…”

Section: Instrumental Mutual Acceptance and Vectorial Groups By Benjmentioning

confidence: 92%

Instrumental, Mutual Acceptance and Vectorial Groups

Wolman¹

1958

Acta Sociologica

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People are not born in groups. They come to life individually as separate entities and independent organisms. They need air, food, water, protection from heat and cold, as well as shelter, rest and sleep. Most of their needs cannot be satisfied unless there are some other people around to help. Human infants cannot survive unless they are assisted by others; their &dquo;social relations&dquo; are the very condition for survival.As soon as the infant is able to perceive or to feel or somehow to become aware of the presence of other individuals around him, he begins to differentiate between people who are able io help him and those who are not. People who can satisfy the infant's needs or deprive him of satisfaction have pOll'er; they are the stroll ones in contradistinction to those who cannot do so. For example, a mother can feed him; she is considered a strong person, while the unhelpful onlookers such as an old grandfather or a little brother, are weak persons.Those in power are not always willing to help. If they are willing to do so, they are friendly persons, but if they refuse or prevent satisfaction of needs they are perceived as hostile individuals. The child's well-being depends on how strong and friendly the people around him are. The child's first social relations are instrumental for survival. The process of the child's socialization can be considered as a product of his basic needs.It is essential to differentiate between the two types of needs. The first type may be considered to be such items as food, water, shelter. The second type is to be sure that the needs will be satisfied by friendly people who accept the child and are willing to help him. There is plenty of evidence that the &dquo;social&dquo; need to be accepted and to live in a friendly atmosphere appears very early. Infants fed in an unfriendly atmosphere are likely to lose weight and vomit; the unwanted, ') At the time the reported experiment was conducted, the writer was on the faculty of the

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The first year of life.

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Infant sensitivity to negative maternal emotional shifts: Effects of infant sex, maternal postnatal depression, and interactive style

Infant sensitivity to negative maternal emotional shifts: Effects of infant sex, maternal postnatal depression, and interactive style

How Children Become Friends

Instrumental, Mutual Acceptance and Vectorial Groups

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