The formula is remarkable since the first term on the right is nonnegative and almost the square of the Sobolev 1/2 norm of φ.
An analogous problem for the exterior domainIn this paper, we are interested in the exterior Laplacian. Let Ω = R 2 \ O, the exterior of an obstacle, and let ∆ Ω be the Laplacian on L 2 (Ω) with domain H 2 (Ω) ∩ H 1 0 (Ω) (i.e., the Dirichlet Laplacian). The operator ∆ Ω is selfadjoint with continuous spectrum on [0, ∞) (see [21 , Chapter 8]). We wish to formulate a problem about exterior domains that is analogous to the isospectral problem.Here, the O((ilg λ) 2 ) term is uniform over each isophasal class.