The First Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratory

Bata, Reda M.; Clark, Nigel N.; Gautam, Mridul; Howell, A.; Long, Ting; Loth, John L.; Lyons, D.F.; Palmer, Matthew; Rapp, Byron L.; Smith, James E.; Wang, W.

doi:10.4271/912668

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Each HDD truck was driven through a California Air Resources Board (CARB) driving cycle while on the West Virginia University (WVU) transportable heavyduty vehicle emissions testing laboratory (THDVETL) (Bata et al 1991). The exhaust emissions were passed through a di- Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of Single Particle Chemical Composition during a Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Dynamometer Study

Suess¹,

Prather

2002

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The chemical reproducibility of single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) instruments is complicated by numerous factors, including uncertainties in the laser desorption/ionization process leading to shot-to-shot variability in single particle mass spectra, excessive fragmentation of carbonaceous species, as well as a relatively low duty cycle (1-10 Hz). With source apportionment being a major application for these instruments, proper source pro les must be determined from major aerosol sources. This brief communication illustrates, for the rst time, the chemical reproducibility of an aerosol time-of-ight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) sampling highly transient heavy duty diesel (HDD) truck exhaust emissions from a transportable heavy duty vehicle emissions testing laboratory, which includes a dilution tunnel as well as a residence chamber. In addition to examining the reproducibility of ATOFMS using a complex mixture of "real" aerosol particles, the chemical reproducibility of a dynamometer system at the single particle level is tested. The results presented indicate that for future studies, truckto-truck and source-to-source variations can be attributed to chemical differences and not just to innate variations due to instrumental variability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of Single Particle Chemical Composition during a Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Dynamometer Study

Suess¹,

Prather

2002

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Due to limitations of these methods and systems, a new quantification system was developed. The FFS employs the same design concept as dilution systems used in automotive emissions certification [66][67][68] . The FFS consists of a hose that feeds an explosive-proof blower that exhausts the leak and dilution air sample through a mass airflow sensor (MAF) and sample probe.…”

Section: Figure 1 Fugitive Methane Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Johnson

Covington

Clark

2016

JoVE

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The use of natural gas continues to grow with increased discovery and production of unconventional shale resources. At the same time, the natural gas industry faces continued scrutiny for methane emissions from across the supply chain, due to methane's relatively high global warming potential (25-84x that of carbon dioxide, according to the Energy Information Administration). Currently, a variety of techniques of varied uncertainties exists to measure or estimate methane emissions from components or facilities. Currently, only one commercial system is available for quantification of component level emissions and recent reports have highlighted its weaknesses.In order to improve accuracy and increase measurement flexibility, we have designed, developed, and implemented a novel full flow sampling system (FFS) for quantification of methane emissions and greenhouse gases based on transportation emissions measurement principles. The FFS is a modular system that consists of an explosive-proof blower(s), mass airflow sensor(s) (MAF), thermocouple, sample probe, constant volume sampling pump, laser based greenhouse gas sensor, data acquisition device, and analysis software. Dependent upon the blower and hose configuration employed, the current FFS is able to achieve a flow rate ranging from 40 to 1,500 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM). Utilization of laser-based sensors mitigates interference from higher hydrocarbons (C2+). Co-measurement of water vapor allows for humidity correction. The system is portable, with multiple configurations for a variety of applications ranging from being carried by a person to being mounted in a hand drawn cart, on-road vehicle bed, or from the bed of utility terrain vehicles (UTVs). The FFS is able to quantify methane emission rates with a relative uncertainty of ± 4.4%. The FFS has proven, real world operation for the quantification of methane emissions occurring in conventional and remote facilities. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…Table 4 shows some specifications for the buses tested in Garden City and Cincinnati. Emissions testing average results for each group of buses are shown in Table 5 (7). Emissions testing at Garden City occurred during September and October 1997, and for Ciicimati, the testing occurred during November 1997.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update from the NREL Alternative Fuel Transit Bus Evaluation Program

Chandler¹,

Norton

Clark

1999

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The objective" of this proje& which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), is to provide a comprehensive comparison of heavy-duty urban transit buses operating on alternative fuels and diesel firel. Final reports from this project were produced in 1996 from data collection and evaluation of 111 transit buses from eight transit sites. With the publication of these final reports, three issues were raised that needed further investigation: 1) the natural gas engines studied were older, openIoop control engines; 2) propane was not included in the original study; and 3) liquefied natural gas (LNG) was found to be in the early stages of deployment in transit applications. In response to these three issues, the project has continued by emissions testing newer natural gas engines (Detroit Diesel Corporation Series 50, Cummins Engine Company L1O-28OG and C8.3-250G) and adding two new data collection sites (GO Boulder in Boulder, CO and Dallas Area Rapid Transit in Dallas, TX) to study the newer natural gas technology and specifically to measure new technology LNG buses. Propane has not been included in this project because there are no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) heavy-duty engines powered by propane available to the transit market. This paper presents results to date on the continuation of the program.

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The First Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratory

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Reproducibility of Single Particle Chemical Composition during a Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Dynamometer Study

Reproducibility of Single Particle Chemical Composition during a Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Dynamometer Study

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Update from the NREL Alternative Fuel Transit Bus Evaluation Program

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