The first report on some toxic effects of green scat, Scatophagus argus an Iranian Persian Gulf venomous fish

Ghafari, Seyedeh Maryam; Jamili, Shahla; Bagheri, Kamran Pooshang; Ardakani, Esmat Mirabzadeh; Fatemi, Mohammad; Shahbazzadeh, Fahimeh; Shahbazzadeh, Delavar

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.025

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…When crude P. henlei venom was subjected to SDS-PAGE, several of the resulting bands showed hydrolytic action against gelatin [ 96 ], and gelatinolytic activity was also found in the venom of P. iwamae [ 97 ]. Both P. scobina and P. orbygnyi crude venoms were shown to have low levels of proteolytic activity against casein [ 98 ], a result that was also found with the toadfish T. nattereri and T. maculosa [ 99 , 100 ], the catfish A. thallasinus [ 67 ], and the butterfish S. argus [ 91 ]. Additionally, T. nattereri venom was shown to have gelatinolytic activity [ 101 ].…”

Section: Venom Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Instead, haemolysis caused by fish venoms must use alternative mechanisms. In S. argus the mechanism used appears to be heat sensitive and calcium dependent [ 91 ].…”

Section: Venom Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously stated, no fish venoms have been found to exhibit PLA 2 activity. However, S. argus was recently shown to possess phospholipase C activity [ 91 ]. Just as PLA 2 causes haemolysis in a some terrestrial venoms, Ghafari et al [ 91 ] hypothesized that PLC could be a haemolytic agent in S. argus venom.…”

Section: Venom Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Ziegman

Alewood

2015

Toxins

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Animal venoms are widely recognized excellent resources for the discovery of novel drug leads and physiological tools. Most are comprised of a large number of components, of which the enzymes, small peptides, and proteins are studied for their important bioactivities. However, in spite of there being over 2000 venomous fish species, piscine venoms have been relatively underrepresented in the literature thus far. Most studies have explored whole or partially fractioned venom, revealing broad pharmacology, which includes cardiovascular, neuromuscular, cytotoxic, inflammatory, and nociceptive activities. Several large proteinaceous toxins, such as stonustoxin, verrucotoxin, and Sp-CTx, have been isolated from scorpaenoid fish. These form pores in cell membranes, resulting in cell death and creating a cascade of reactions that result in many, but not all, of the physiological symptoms observed from envenomation. Additionally, Natterins, a novel family of toxins possessing kininogenase activity have been found in toadfish venom. A variety of smaller protein toxins, as well as a small number of peptides, enzymes, and non-proteinaceous molecules have also been isolated from a range of fish venoms, but most remain poorly characterized. Many other bioactive fish venom components remain to be discovered and investigated. These represent an untapped treasure of potentially useful molecules.

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Section: Venom Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Instead, haemolysis caused by fish venoms must use alternative mechanisms. In S. argus the mechanism used appears to be heat sensitive and calcium dependent [ 91 ].…”

Section: Venom Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Ziegman

Alewood

2015

Toxins

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“…These proteolytic activities were also reported in the venoms of the fish Potamotrygon falkneri and Thalassophyne maculosa , respectively [31, 32]. Akin to most fish venoms, SpV is devoid of any phospholipase activity, albeit phospholipase C activity has been detected in the Scatophagus argus venom [46]. …”

Section: Biological Activities Of S Plumieri Venom Extract (Spv)mentioning

confidence: 86%

A review on the Scorpaena plumieri fish venom and its bioactive compounds

Campos

Menezes

Malacarne

et al. 2016

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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The most poisonous fish species found along the Brazilian coast is the spotted scorpionfish Scorpaena plumieri. Though hardly ever life-threatening to humans, envenomation by S. plumieri can be quite hazardous, provoking extreme pain and imposing significant socioeconomic costs, as the victims may require days to weeks to recover from their injuries. In this review we will walk the reader through the biological features that distinguish this species as well as the current epidemiological knowledge related to the envenomation and its consequences. But above all, we will discuss the challenges involved in the biochemical characterization of the S. plumieri venom and its compounds, focusing then on the successful isolation and pharmacological analysis of some of the bioactive molecules responsible for the effects observed upon envenomation as well as on experimental models. Despite the achievement of considerable progress, much remains to be done, particularly in relation to the non-proteinaceous components of the venom. Therefore, further studies are necessary in order to provide a more complete picture of the venom’s chemical composition and physiological effects. Given that fish venoms remain considerably less studied when compared to terrestrial venoms, the exploration of their full potential opens a myriad of possibilities for the development of new drug leads and tools for elucidating the complex physiological processes.

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“…To assess caseinase activity of venom, colorimetric experiment was performed [10] with minor modifications: one milliliter of 0.5% casein was incubated for 2 h at room temperature with in 0.0008 M calcium chloride at pH 8.8. To stop the reaction, trichloroacetic acid (5%) was added to the reaction mixture.…”

Section: Caseinase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%