The first poverty line? Davies' and Eden's investigation of rural poverty in the late 18th-century England

Gazeley, Ian; Verdon, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2012.09.001

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because the data used in this paper are more complex and difficult to obtain, considering the dynamic change of poverty, this paper proposes to combine the two methods to identify poverty. The QRL is determined by an individual s subjective feelings, such as satisfaction with life, inner sense of contentment and self-realization in society [52][53][54]. In addition, it is determined by objective conditions, such as income and expenditure, living conditions and cultural life, rural infrastructure, public services and social security, as well as ecological environment [55,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Poverty Identification and Comprehensive Poverty Assessment Based on Quality-of-Life: The Case of Gansu Province (China)

Che

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Rural poverty has received extensive attention worldwide. Eliminating poverty and achieving common prosperity are the major tasks for China to build a well-off society in an all-round way. Based on the evaluation results of quality of rural life (QRL) and relative poverty index (RPI), this paper identifies and classifies the poor objects using importance–Performance analysis (IPA) method and poverty degree model. The results were as following: (1) QRL has obvious regional differences, and its value gradually decreases from west to east, which is opposite to the spatial distribution pattern of RPI. In areas with high QRL value, the RPI is lower. (2) Fifty counties and districts are clustered in the second quadrant of IPA quadrant map, i.e., Low QRL-High RPI, and the lower quality-of-life corresponds to the higher degree of relative poverty. (3) The coincidence between the poverty-stricken counties and the poverty-stricken counties of the country identified as 84.48% by IPA method, which indicates that the accuracy of poverty delineation based on income is high. (4) Gansu Province is dominated by highly impoverished areas, accounting for 60% of the total number of impoverished counties. The results of comprehensive poverty classification are in line with the actual situation of impoverished counties. In counties with higher CPL, the poverty level is deeper. It is more difficult to get rid of poverty. This study can provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the formulation and implementation of Poverty Alleviation Policies in the late stage of underdeveloped areas in western China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Poverty Identification and Comprehensive Poverty Assessment Based on Quality-of-Life: The Case of Gansu Province (China)

Che

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…The study describes the lavish Veblenian consumption of goods that signal social status and outlines the quality of life of the well‐off through a detailed immersion in the case of the Leigh family of Stoneleigh Abbey, Warwickshire. Similarly, Perry (2005) and Gazeley and Verdon (2014) depict the dire conditions of hoseholds living in poverty in eighteenth‐century England, and Smith and Middleton (2007) illustrate that the overarching dynamics of poverty continue into the modern day in the UK. Not only were the historical roots of economic inequality never successfully erased, they also developed new nuances that reflect new trends in socio‐economic marginalization of different gender or age groups, and these old and new discriminatory practices continue into the twentieth century (see Cribb et al, 2018; Davies & Joshi, 1998; Lindert, 2000; Niemietz, 2009; Osberg, 2002).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural and economic discrimination by the Great Leveller

Tubadji

Webber

Boy

2021

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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The UK has experienced substantial income and wealth inequalities at the individual and regional levels. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reveals how inherited domestic economic and cultural disparities lead to greater vulnerability, even in front of the 'Great Leveller'. We argue that the geography of the pandemic in the UK follows the geography of deprivation and cultural and economic discrimination that existed before the pandemic. We demonstrate this through analysis of multiple deprivation and cultural (ethnic) concentration data, unemployment claims, and small business statistics, as well as lung cancer deaths in non-pandemic times and weekly death statistics during the early part of the pandemic (3/1/2020 until 27/03/2020) across England and Wales.We apply data decomposition analysis to detect this discrimination and map it against the geography of the pandemic. Our study not only illustrates the geography of the pandemic disease but also demonstrates how past cultural and economic discrimination creates vulnerable groups and places among the general public in times of exogenous shocks. Finally, we discuss our findings in light of the emerging impact of Brexit.

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“…The first modern attempts to collect and analyse household budgets that we are aware of are due to David Davies (The Case of Labourers in Husbandry, 1795) and Fredrick Eden (The State of the Poor 1797). Eden and Davies collected household budgets of income and expenditure from the rural labouring poor in the late eighteenth century for the explicit purpose of providing empirical data to inform contemporary debate on the cost of poor relief and reform of the poor laws (Gazeley and Verdon, 2014). According to Stigler (1954) two developments led to a revival of interest in budget studies from the mid-nineteenth century onwards: the wave of unrest that swept Europe culminating in the revolutions of 1848 and developments in statistical theory that permitted a more sophisticated analysis of social data (1954:96).…”

Section: The Evolution Of Household Budget Surveys In Western Europe 1850s-1950smentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality Among European Working Households, 1890-1960

et al. 2018

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The first poverty line? Davies' and Eden's investigation of rural poverty in the late 18th-century England

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Rural Poverty Identification and Comprehensive Poverty Assessment Based on Quality-of-Life: The Case of Gansu Province (China)

Rural Poverty Identification and Comprehensive Poverty Assessment Based on Quality-of-Life: The Case of Gansu Province (China)

Cultural and economic discrimination by the Great Leveller

Inequality Among European Working Households, 1890-1960

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