The first operating thermolytic reverse electrodialysis heat engine

Giacalone, Francesco; Vassallo, Fabrizio; Scargiali, Francesca; Tamburini, Alessandro; Cipollina, Andrea; Micale, G.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117522

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The scaled efficiency is 0.9% relative to the Carnot / limit. Figure 8b 24,53 thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles (TREC), [25][26][27] vacuum distillation -concentration redox flow battery (VD-CRFB), 21,22 vacuum distillation/membrane distillation -reverse electrodialysis (VD/MD-RED), 54,55 thermolysisreverse electrodialysis (TL-RED), 56 vacuum distillation/membrane distillation-pressure retarded osmosis (VD/MD-PRO), 57,58 thermo-osmosis energy conversion (TOEC), 59 thermally charged batteries including thermally regenerative ammonia battery (TRAB), [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] thermally regenerative copper acetonitrile battery (CuACN). 20 To provide insights for future improvement of power density and higher efficiency, it is important to understand the factors contributing to the overpotential as an irreversible loss.…”

Section: Results and Analysis Of Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow batteries with pH neutral electrolytes for harvesting low-grade heat

Qian

Shin

et al. 2021

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Section: Results and Analysis Of Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow batteries with pH neutral electrolytes for harvesting low-grade heat

Qian

Shin

et al. 2021

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Salinity gradient energy (SGE) is an energy source derived from the controlled mixing of low and high concentration saltwater streams, e.g., river and seawater, seawater and desalination brines, or thermolytic salt solutions in closed-loop applications. − SGE has the potential to meet the increasing renewable energy demand without the intermittency issues that plague solar and wind energy. SGE from natural salinity gradients alone has an estimated technical potential of 625 TWh y –1 , which is equal to 3% of the global electricity consumption …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the Surface Chemistry of Anion Exchange Membranes with Zwitterions: Toward Antifouling RED Membranes

Pintossi

Saakes²,

Borneman

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Fouling is a pressing issue for harvesting salinity gradient energy with reverse electrodialysis (RED). In this work, antifouling membranes were fabricated by surface modification of a commercial anion exchange membrane with zwitterionic layers. Either zwitterionic monomers or zwitterionic brushes were applied on the surface. Zwitterionic monomers were grafted to the surface by deposition of a polydopamine layer followed by an aza-Michael reaction with sulfobetaine. Zwitterionic brushes were grafted on the surface by deposition of polydopamine modified with a surface initiator for subsequent atom transfer radical polymerization to obtain polysulfobetaine. As expected, the zwitterionic layers did increase the membrane hydrophilicity. The antifouling behavior of the membranes in RED was evaluated using artificial river and seawater and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as the model foulant. The zwitterionic monomers are effective in delaying the fouling onset, but the further build-up of the fouling layer is hardly affected, resulting in similar power density losses as for the unmodified membranes. Membranes modified with zwitterionic brushes show a high potential for application in RED as they not only delay the onset of fouling but they also slow down the growth of the fouling layer, thus retaining higher power density outputs.

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“…This is possible by means of Ion Exchange Membranes (IEMs) that are used to exploit the chemical potential difference between solutions at different concentrations by controlling the ions' movement. RED systems have been widely studied in the last decade, assessing the influence on stack performances of different operating conditions (e.g., streams flow rates and concentration, temperature) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], different process designs [26][27][28], different installation scenarios [29] (even at the prototype scale [21]) and of the properties of the IEMs [30][31][32][33]. Moreover, the RED technology has been proposed to produce energy from waste solutions [34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting by Waste Acid/Base Neutralization via Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis

et al. 2020

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Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (BMRED) can be used to produce electricity exploiting acid-base neutralization, thus representing a valuable route in reusing waste streams. The present work investigates the performance of a lab-scale BMRED module under several operating conditions. By feeding the stack with 1 M HCl and NaOH streams, a maximum power density of ~17 W m−2 was obtained at 100 A m−2 with a 10-triplet stack with a flow velocity of 1 cm s−1, while an energy density of ~10 kWh m−3 acid could be extracted by a complete neutralization. Parasitic currents along feed and drain manifolds significantly affected the performance of the stack when equipped with a higher number of triplets. The apparent permselectivity at 1 M acid and base decreased from 93% with the five-triplet stack to 54% with the 38-triplet stack, which exhibited lower values (~35% less) of power density. An important role may be played also by the presence of NaCl in the acidic and alkaline solutions. With a low number of triplets, the added salt had almost negligible effects. However, with a higher number of triplets it led to a reduction of 23.4–45.7% in power density. The risk of membrane delamination is another aspect that can limit the process performance. However, overall, the present results highlight the high potential of BMRED systems as a productive way of neutralizing waste solutions for energy harvesting.

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The first operating thermolytic reverse electrodialysis heat engine

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow batteries with pH neutral electrolytes for harvesting low-grade heat

Thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow batteries with pH neutral electrolytes for harvesting low-grade heat

Tailoring the Surface Chemistry of Anion Exchange Membranes with Zwitterions: Toward Antifouling RED Membranes

Energy Harvesting by Waste Acid/Base Neutralization via Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis

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