The First Offshore Use of an Ultrahigh-Speed Drillstring Telemetry Network Involving a Full LWD Logging Suite and Rotary-Steerable Drilling System
Abstract: fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractDrill string telemetry network technology allowing reliable data transmission at speeds up to 57,600 bits per second has been utilized in many land based drilling applications.The drill string telemetry network incorporates a highstrength data cable that runs the length of each tubular joint. The cable terminates at inductive coils that are installed in the secondary torque shoulder of each connection. As the drill string is assembled, the inductive coils in adjoining tubulars are … Show more
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Cited by 10 publications
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Most of the existing drilling and completions engineering applications in use today were designed to compute snapshots at a single point in time for one user, rather than presenting the acceptable operating envelope and its associated constraints over time and supporting interaction of multi-disciplinary teams in collaborative environments. The massive increase in data now available from real time sensors can make identification of critical factors more difficult and can hinder, rather than enhance the decision making capability and response to alarm conditions. Currently, interaction between individual team members is cumbersome and it takes place outside the applications. Teams are increasingly multi-cultural, which places additional demands on the human-computer interface and cultural and linguistic preferences need to be considered, particularly where collaboration centres span international boundaries. The applications are also part of a growing portfolio, including office and knowledge management tools. Their usefulness and efficiency depends on successful integration. In turn, this depends critically on standards. The working practices emerging from the use of these environments means the earlier applications are no longer optimised for the circumstances in which they are to be used. The paper contains a discussion of these changes and the new functionality required of the applications using a popular model in industrial psychology. It draws on practices from other industries, observations in collaborative environments and other, earlier work within our own industry that appeared before their time. It is concluded that new applications are needed for this new era and that some may bear more resemblance to gaming software than raw calculating engines. It also concludes that a number of the constraints may be self-imposed, by our failure to keep pace with the rapid and continuing developments in information and communications technology and the business models developed for the virtual world. Introduction Observations of working practices and technologies may highlight factors that if addressed, would greatly enhance their effectiveness. In some cases early recognition of these factors may be critical to the project's success. In the 1980's efforts to implement collaboration centres were hampered by inadequate attention to human factors and immature technologies1. Now, variations of these centres are in common use in both operator and service company offices worldwide. Even if successful, it is normal for these limiting factors to change over time. As weaknesses or opportunities are identified and addressed, capabilities leap-frog each other leaving another aspect at the bottom of the pile and so the cycle continues. In some cases second generation centres have already been constructed, incorporating lessons learned from the first attempt2 and we see this cycle applies to drilling collaboration centres too. Observations over the last seven years in drilling collaboration centres in Norway and Aberdeen suggest the emphasis is now changing. Whilst human factors are still key3, in established centres greater attention is now being directed towards the technology and tools and how they are used.
Most of the existing drilling and completions engineering applications in use today were designed to compute snapshots at a single point in time for one user, rather than presenting the acceptable operating envelope and its associated constraints over time and supporting interaction of multi-disciplinary teams in collaborative environments. The massive increase in data now available from real time sensors can make identification of critical factors more difficult and can hinder, rather than enhance the decision making capability and response to alarm conditions. Currently, interaction between individual team members is cumbersome and it takes place outside the applications. Teams are increasingly multi-cultural, which places additional demands on the human-computer interface and cultural and linguistic preferences need to be considered, particularly where collaboration centres span international boundaries. The applications are also part of a growing portfolio, including office and knowledge management tools. Their usefulness and efficiency depends on successful integration. In turn, this depends critically on standards. The working practices emerging from the use of these environments means the earlier applications are no longer optimised for the circumstances in which they are to be used. The paper contains a discussion of these changes and the new functionality required of the applications using a popular model in industrial psychology. It draws on practices from other industries, observations in collaborative environments and other, earlier work within our own industry that appeared before their time. It is concluded that new applications are needed for this new era and that some may bear more resemblance to gaming software than raw calculating engines. It also concludes that a number of the constraints may be self-imposed, by our failure to keep pace with the rapid and continuing developments in information and communications technology and the business models developed for the virtual world. Introduction Observations of working practices and technologies may highlight factors that if addressed, would greatly enhance their effectiveness. In some cases early recognition of these factors may be critical to the project's success. In the 1980's efforts to implement collaboration centres were hampered by inadequate attention to human factors and immature technologies1. Now, variations of these centres are in common use in both operator and service company offices worldwide. Even if successful, it is normal for these limiting factors to change over time. As weaknesses or opportunities are identified and addressed, capabilities leap-frog each other leaving another aspect at the bottom of the pile and so the cycle continues. In some cases second generation centres have already been constructed, incorporating lessons learned from the first attempt2 and we see this cycle applies to drilling collaboration centres too. Observations over the last seven years in drilling collaboration centres in Norway and Aberdeen suggest the emphasis is now changing. Whilst human factors are still key3, in established centres greater attention is now being directed towards the technology and tools and how they are used.
The demand for increased oil and gas recovery requires the drilling of complex extended reach wells with optimized reservoir exposure for production and minimized overall production costs. In order to achieve these objectives, the use of high-end drilling and logging technology to optimize well placement is of the essence. However, the optimal utilization of this technology is often limited by the real-time transmission bandwidth of essential data from and to the downhole tools. The introduction of wired drillpipe technology has facilitated a step change in two-way data communication resulting in a high-speed data transmission giving much greater volume, resolution and quality of formation evaluation data and drilling dynamics data. Furthermore, the direct control of rotary steerable tools has now been enhanced to allow instantaneous programming changes and better utilization of dynamics data to enhance the decision making process required to address drilling dysfunction challenges, hole quality, gross ROP and BHA reliability. The high bandwidth technology was used while drilling two laterals on the Troll field's reservoir in the Norwegian North Sea in 2007. The memory quality data was transferred through wired drillpipe to the surface while geosteering through relatively unconsolidated sandstones with localized zones of hard calcite cementation. The bottom hole assembly employed, comprised multiple formation evaluation and dynamics sensors to fully understand the downhole drilling conditions. The data was transferred to the expert advisory centre onshore for advanced processing and interpretation to enable the critical decision making process. The adoption of a Total Systems Approach to select the ideal combination of application-specific drill bit, drilling system, and appropriate procedures and practices was presented and described by Stavland, et al (2006). Realizing the full benefit of the approach has been hampered by bandwidth restriction and time lag associated with conventional mud pulse telemetry. This paper will discuss how wired drillpipe technology has been utilized to enhance the Total System Approach concept during the first tests and how it will affect operations going forward. Introduction Telemetry Drill String Technology Overview First used in 2003 and commercially launched in 2006, the broadband network used in this application offers an ultra high-speed alternative to current mud pulse and electro-magnetic telemetry methods. The network utilizes individually modified drilling tubulars to provide bi-directional, real-time, drill string telemetry at speeds upwards of 57,000 bits per second. This greatly enhanced band-width in comparison to existing technology makes it possible to obtain large volumes of data from downhole tools (and other measurement nodes along the drill string) instantaneously, greatly expanding the quantity and quality of information available while drilling. The network utilizes a high-strength coaxial cable and low-loss inductive coils embedded within double-shouldered connections in each tubular joint to convey information. Currently available telemetry tubulars include various sizes of range 2 and range 3 drillpipe, heavy-weight drillpipe, drill collars, and a wide array of bottom hole assembly components (API Spec. 5D).
High-speed wired drill strings enable two way wireline communications between drilling and evaluation service provider's bottom-hole-assemblies (BHA) and surface systems. Compared to even the most advanced mud pulse telemetry, this new capability allows reliable communication with Rotary Steerable Systems (RSS), Measurement While Drilling (MWD) systems and Logging While Drilling (LWD) systems at data rates tens of thousands of times faster than ever before. This paper describes the system development and discusses in detail the advantages immediately attainable when complete, memory quality, drilling and evaluation data is provided instantaneously at surface while drilling. These advantages include:• increased safety by continuous downhole pressure, drill string dynamics and high rate drill string energy transmission data monitoring regardless of flow or rig state; • increased efficiency by optimizing RSS and bit performance, reducing hidden NPT, and monitoring wellbore conditions while drilling; • increase reliability by providing a redundant telemetry system and enabling the user to identify damaging drill string dynamics; • maximized productivity from more accurate wellbore placement.The paper will then further discuss how application of the system may further develop to maximize the value in accessing memory quality LWD data instantaneously via the wired pipe network while drilling. SPE 113157 Telemetry Drill String Technology OverviewFirst used in 2003, the IntelliServ Network offers an ultra high-speed alternative to current mud pulse and electromagnetic telemetry methods. The network utilizes individually modified drilling tubulars to provide bi-directional, real-time, drill string telemetry at speeds upwards of 57,000 bits per second. This greatly enhanced band-width in comparison to existing technology makes it possible to obtain large volumes of data from downhole tools (and other measurement nodes along the drill string) instantaneously, greatly expanding the quantity and quality of information available while drilling.The network utilizes a high strength coaxial cable and low loss inductive coils embedded within double-shouldered connections in each tubular joint to convey information. Signal repeaters are placed periodically along the drill string to ensure an acceptable signal to noise ratio is maintained. These repeaters serve as individually addressable nodes within the telemetry network and therefore also provide a location at which potentially valuable measurement data can be acquired. Currently available telemetry tubulars include various sizes of drill pipe (in both range 2 and range 3 lengths) 4 , heavy weight drill pipe, drill collars, drilling jars and a wide array of other bottom hole assembly components.The key physical components of this telemetry network are illustrated in FIGURE 1 below. Additional details of the underlying network technology may be found in IADC paper "Intelligent
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