The first non-mammalian CXCR3 in a teleost fish: Gene and expression in blood cells and central nervous system in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Chang, Ming; Sun, Bin; Nie, Pin

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.07.280

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In trout, we show that CXCR3 appears to be preferentially expressed by adherent head kidney-derived macrophages as well as the fish monocyte/macrophage cell line RTS-11. The expression of CXCR3 on monocytes has also been described in grass carp recently (54). A CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11-like sequence has been identified in rainbow trout (55) that is up-regulated by poly(I:C) and trout IFN-␥ (56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Genes Exist in Fish That Differ in Gene Organization and Are Differentially Expressed

Wang

Hanington

Belosevic

2008

The Journal of Immunology

102

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Mammalian macrophage CSF (MCSF; CSF-1) is the primary regulator of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. We, for the first time, report the complete sequencing of five MCSF cDNAs from three fish species, rainbow trout, zebrafish, and goldfish. Despite the difference in the lengths of the MCSF transcripts, all of the fish MCSF molecules encode a signal peptide, a CSF-1 domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular region. Each fish MCSF gene has a unique exon/intron structure. The primordial MCSF gene may have had a nine exon/eight intron structure. In this model, insertion of an intron in exon 6 in primitive fish created the fish type I MCSF, while the loss of this exon or part of the original exon 6 created the fish type II MCSF. Investigation of alternative splicing variants in trout suggests that no mammalian equivalent splice variants exist. The two trout MCSF genes are differentially expressed in vivo and contributed differently to the high-level expression of MCSF in spleen and head kidney. In contrast to the up-regulation of MCSF by PMA in mammals, in trout MCSF1 expression is down-regulated by PMA treatment. As in mammals, recombinant trout MCSF1 can promote the growth of head kidney leukocytes, and it up-regulates the expression of CXCR3 in head kidney macrophages, with the latter suggesting a role of MCSF in the trafficking of macrophages to sites of inflammation or injury where the CXCR3 ligands are expressed. Thus MCSF has an important role in the immune system of fish as in mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Genes Exist in Fish That Differ in Gene Organization and Are Differentially Expressed

Wang

Hanington

Belosevic

2008

The Journal of Immunology

102

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“…Two apparent CXCR3 groups are found in poikilothermic (cold blooded) vertebrates including bony fish, amphibians and reptiles (Bhatt et al, 2014;Chang et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008b;Xu et al, 2014a) (Fig. 1 and Supplementary file 3).…”

Section: Cxcr3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zebrafish CXCR3a (also referred to as CXCR3.2) expression in macrophages is shown to be controlled by the transcription factor spi1/pu and its expression modulation affects macrophage migration to sites of bacterial infection (Zakrzewska et al, 2010). In grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), CXCR3a+ cells account for 17% of the total peripheral blood leucocytes, as assessed by FACS analysis using a polyclonal antibody against CXCR3a (Chang et al, 2007). In rainbow trout head kidney cells and macrophages, CXCR3a can be significantly induced by inflammatory stimulants (e.g.…”

Section: Cxcr3mentioning

confidence: 99%

The CXC chemokine receptors of fish: Insights into CXCR evolution in the vertebrates

Zou¹,

Redmond²,

Qi³

et al. 2015

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…Many studies use qRT-PCR method to evaluate the expression levels of target genes in order to get insights into their regulations or functions. Almost all current qRT-PCR studies of grass carp's tissue gene expression are using ACTB as the reference gene (Xu et al 2008;Chang et al 2007;Liu et al 2008), while the stability of this reference gene has yet been verified. In this study, we examined the expression levels of four reference genes of grass carp in tissues of normal individuals and bacterial infected individuals in order to screen the optimal reference gene for the gene expression study in grass carp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of reference genes of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR

et al. 2010

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Expression of four reference genes of grass carp, including beta-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 18S rRNA (18S) and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1alpha), was studied in tissues of normal individuals and bacteria-infected individuals. EF1alpha had the most stable expressions followed by 18S rRNA then GAPDH; ACTB had the least stability. After being infected with bacteria, the grass carp showed minimal changes in expression levels of EF1alpha in the liver and head kidney, while ACTB had the most stable expressions in spleen but the least stable in liver. EF1alpha is thus the optimal reference gene in quantitative real-time PCR analysis to quantitate the expression levels of target genes in tissues of grass carp.

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The first non-mammalian CXCR3 in a teleost fish: Gene and expression in blood cells and central nervous system in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Two Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Genes Exist in Fish That Differ in Gene Organization and Are Differentially Expressed

Two Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Genes Exist in Fish That Differ in Gene Organization and Are Differentially Expressed

The CXC chemokine receptors of fish: Insights into CXCR evolution in the vertebrates

Validation of reference genes of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR

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