The first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy. Part 1: a general view of antibacterial susceptibility

Abstract

The Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (JSC) conducted the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens during the period from January to August 2006. With the cooperation of 32 medical institutions throughout Japan, a total of 924 strains belonging to seven clinically relevant bacterial species were collected from adult patients with well-diagnosed respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the 887 evaluable strains (205 Staphylococcus aureus, 200 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 9 Streptococcus pyogenes, 165 Haemophilus influenzae, 91 Moraxella catarrhalis, 74 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 143 Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to 42 antibacterial agents was conducted at the Central Laboratory of the Research Center for Anti-infective Drugs of the Kitasato Institute, according to recommendations issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The antibacterial agents employed were 25 beta-lactams, three aminoglycosides, four macrolides (including one azalide and one ketolide), one lincosamide, one tetracycline, two glycopeptides, five fluoroquinolones, and one oxazolidinone. The incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 63.4%, and the incidences of penicillin-intermediately resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP) and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) were 35.0% and 4.0%, respectively. Among H. influenzae, 21.2% of the strains were found to be beta-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin (ABPC)-intermediately resistant (BLNAI), 29.1% to be beta-lactamase-nonproducing ABPC-resistant (BLNAR), and 4.8% to be beta-lactamaseproducing ABPC-resistant (BLPAR) strains. The incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae was 2.7% (2 of 74 strains). Three (2.1%) of the 143 P. aeruginosa strains were found to be metallo-beta-lactamaseproducing, including 1 (0.7%) multidrug-resistant strain. Through the nationwide surveillance, we obtained fundamental antimicrobial susceptibility data of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens in adult RTI to various antibacterial agents. These data will be a useful reference for future periodic surveillance studies, as well as for investigations to control antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.

Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy in 2007: general view of the pathogens’ antibacterial susceptibility

“…The fi rst survey was conducted during the period from January to August, 2006, with the cooperation of 32 medical institutions throughout Japan, and we reported trends in the antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial species from patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). 1 The fi rst surveillance, with a total of 924 strains, revealed the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as 63.4%, penicillin-intermediate-resistant and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PISP and PRSP) as 35.0% and 4.0%, respectively, and β-lactamase-non-producing ABPCresistant (BLNAR) and β-lactamase-producing ABPCresistant (BLPAR) strains of Haemophilus infl uenzae as 29.1% and 4.8%, respectively. The incidence of extendedspectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was low, at 2.7%; and 2.1% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be metallo-β-lactamase-producing strains.…”

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

“…This results in the "beta lactamase nonproducing ampicillin resistant" (BLNAR) phenotype. These strains are found with varying -usually low -frequencies in Europe and in North America, but some Asian countries, particularly Japan, are heavily burdened [152][153][154][155]. BLNAR strains with decreased ampicillin susceptibility, but none expressing full resistance, were isolated from lower respiratory infections in children in Vietnam [156].…”

Changes in the Distribution of Capsular Serotypes of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Isolated from Adult Respiratory Specimens in Japan

“…The strains of well-diagnosed adult respiratory tract infection were isolated from the sputum and specimens of the trans-tracheal aspiration or bronchoscopy (1,6). Their causality was confirmed by quantitative culture, Gram staining, and observation of phagocytes (1,6). Table 1 shows the participation number of institutes, patient backgrounds and kind of specimens.…”

“…The surveillance was nationwide and conducted by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases and the Japanese Society of Clinical Microbiology (6). The strains of well-diagnosed adult respiratory tract infection were isolated from the sputum and specimens of the trans-tracheal aspiration or bronchoscopy (1,6).…”