The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018)—rationale, design, methods and lessons learned

Chan, Hing Man; Fediuk, Karen; Batal, Malek; Sadik, Tonio; Tikhonov, Constantine; Ing, Amy; Barwin, Lynn

doi:10.17269/s41997-021-00480-0

Cited by 27 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) is a cross-Canada participatory study of First Nations adults living on-reserve south of the 60 th parallel. Recruitment and sampling occurred from 2008 to 2016 and these have been described elsewhere (Chan et al 2021). Data collection began in British Columbia in 2008-2009, followed by Manitoba (2010), Ontario (2011, Alberta (2013), the Atlantic region (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland (excluding Labrador)) (2014), Saskatchewan (2015), and Quebec/Labrador (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

Batal

Chan

Fediuk

et al. 2021

Can J Public Health

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Objective To describe the prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations households across Canada while identifying barriers and enablers to traditional food (TF) consumption. Methods The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of on-reserve First Nations from 2008 to 2018. The Household Food Security Survey Module was used to capture income-related challenges experienced by First Nations households. Households were classified as food secure, or marginally, moderately, or severely food insecure. Barriers and enablers to TF access and use were identified describing the Indigenous experience. Results Almost half of on-reserve First Nations households were food insecure and the prevalence was higher than that for non-Indigenous households in Canada. On-reserve food insecurity prevalence was higher in western regions of Canada. First Nations households with children experienced greater food insecurity than those without children. More adults experienced severe food insecurity than children. Most adults would like to have more TF in their diet but state that factors such as financial and household constraints, industrial activities, government regulations, climate change, and fear of contamination impede greater access. Food costs were substantially higher in remote First Nations communities, but remoteness was not associated with food security in multivariable analysis. Conclusion Existing systems have been unsuccessful in curbing the food insecurity in First Nations households. Improving food security hinges on achieving Indigenous Food Sovereignty, the key to long-term conservation and stewardship of the land and the co-management of these by Indigenous Peoples. Studies investigating the feasibility of increasing TF from an Indigenous perspective are required.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

Batal

Chan

Fediuk

et al. 2021

Can J Public Health

Self Cite

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“…On-reserve First Nations adults living below the 60 th parallel across Canada were sampled and recruited for the participatory First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) (Batal et al 2018a, b;Chan et al 2021). Methodology workshops were held in each region with community representatives and research tools were accordingly built and adapted in response to community feedback when needed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methodology workshops were held in each region with community representatives and research tools were accordingly built and adapted in response to community feedback when needed. In addition, study objectives and methods were presented to the leadership and members of each participating First Nation and a Band Council Resolution was passed before data collection could take place (Chan et al 2021). Multistage sampling was conducted (based on ecozones, communities and households) and is described elsewhere (Chan et al 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, study objectives and methods were presented to the leadership and members of each participating First Nation and a Band Council Resolution was passed before data collection could take place (Chan et al 2021). Multistage sampling was conducted (based on ecozones, communities and households) and is described elsewhere (Chan et al 2021). First Nations principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possession (OCAP®) were followed (Chan et al 2021;Schnarch 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multistage sampling was conducted (based on ecozones, communities and households) and is described elsewhere (Chan et al 2021). First Nations principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possession (OCAP®) were followed (Chan et al 2021;Schnarch 2004). Informed consent was obtained from all individuals (Chan et al 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient adequacy and nutrient sources of adults among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

Batal

Chan

Ing

et al. 2021

Can J Public Health

Self Cite

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Objectives To identify food sources of nutrients in First Nations adults in Canada and to establish whether these populations are meeting their nutrient requirements and whether traditional foods (TF) contribute to better nutrient intake. Methods The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of First Nations adults living south of the 60th parallel. Twenty-four-hour recalls were conducted in 92 First Nations communities from 2008 to 2016. Repeat recalls were attempted with 20% of participants to adjust for within-person variation and estimate the proportion of individuals below recommendations according to Institute of Medicine guidelines. Nutrients from days with and without TF were compared. The main food sources of select nutrients were identified, including TF. Results Mean energy intakes among women and men ranged from 1664 to 1864 and from 1761 to 2298 kcal/day respectively. Most macronutrients were within the acceptable macronutrient diet range except for fat in most age groups and carbohydrates in men 71 years of age and older. Saturated fat was above recommendations for all ages. Only niacin was identified as above recommendations in all age and sex categories. Days where TF were eaten showed greater intakes of key nutrients. Conclusion It is imperative that we find culturally appropriate ways to improve the quality and nutritional value of First Nations Peoples food intake by improving TF access and use on the one hand and conversely providing better quality store-bought foods. For success in this, we must empower First Nations communities and health practitioners to collaboratively overcome these challenges.

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Contaminated sites and Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States: A scoping review

Chong,

Basu

2023

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Indigenous communities are disproportionately exposed to contaminated sites, and this poses unique challenges as many Indigenous peoples consider land as an integral part of their culture and economy. This scoping review aimed to identify and map information on contaminated sites and Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States, namely (1) the relationship between contaminated sites and Indigenous peoples and their land and food systems; (2) strategies, challenges, and successes for contaminated sites assessment and management on Indigenous land; and (3) Indigenous leadership and inclusion in contaminated site assessment and management. We followed a PRISMA‐ScR (Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses‐Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist to collect data that could be categorized into these three objectives. Between October 2021 and July 2023, information from three data streams was retrieved: a systematic literature search; a grey literature search; and federal site data retrieval (Canada's Federal Contaminated Sites Inventory, USEPA's contaminated sites databases, including Superfund). This search yielded 51 peer‐reviewed articles, 21 grey literature articles, and 11 404 federal site records, evidencing the contamination of the lands of 875 Indigenous communities and the presence of 440 different contaminants or contaminant groups. The body of information was categorized into three themes within the above objectives: Objective 1: Indigenous communities and geographic patterns; Contaminated sites, sources, and media; Contaminated sites and Indigenous lands; Contaminated sites and Indigenous food systems; Contaminated sites and the health of Indigenous peoples; Objective 2: Site management and classification processes; Health risk assessment; Risk management; Long‐term management; and Objective 3: Collaborative research, Collaborative site management; Traditional knowledge and contaminated sites. Results highlighted a need to prioritize holism, efficiency, and Indigenous leadership in site assessment, management, and research, including a focus on community‐specific approaches to site assessment and management; a reconceptualization of risks that privileges Indigenous epistemologies; and greater collaboration between stakeholder networks. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1–24. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018)—rationale, design, methods and lessons learned

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

Nutrient adequacy and nutrient sources of adults among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

Contaminated sites and Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States: A scoping review

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