The First Land Full Azimuth Seismic for Fractured-Cavernous Carbonate Reservoirs Exploration in Tarim Basin, Western China

Liu, Yimou; Liang, Ximing; Zhou, Yi; Liu, Shiyong; Lin, Senhu; Wang, Naijian

doi:10.2523/iptc-16658-ms

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…; Liu et al . ). To overcome these difficulties, an advanced understanding of karst evolution is required to set up both reservoir and aquifer models (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Enhancing stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features in GPR images of carbonate karst through data processing

Oliveira

Medeiros

Santana

et al. 2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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Obtaining high‐quality ground penetrating radar (GPR) images in karst is difficult because materials resulting from the weathering of carbonate rocks might be electrically conductive. As a consequence, penetration depth and signal resolution might be greatly reduced due to attenuation. In addition, fractures and faults might cause a significant amount of electromagnetic wave scattering. We present a 2D data processing flow which allows improving the quality of GPR images in carbonate karst. The processing flow is composed of the following steps: obtaining a zero‐offset section by removing the direct wave, low‐frequency noise removal, geometrical spreading and exponential gain compensation, spectral balancing, Kirchhoff migration, bandpass filtering, amplitude‐volume enhancement, and topographic correction. For a 200‐MHz dataset, we present in detail each step of the processing flow, exemplifying how to parameterize every step. Spectral balancing is of key importance because it can approximately replenish the high‐frequency content lost due to propagation effects. In this step, we recommend to shift the centroid frequency as much as possible to high‐frequency values, even exceeding the nominal value of the antenna center frequency, but still looking for a band‐limited spectrum as the goal. Despite the difficulty of migrating GPR data, we show that migration (even assuming a constant velocity) might enhance the lateral continuity of the reflection events and allows identification of discontinuities such as faults and fractures. If imaged in a better way, these structures can have special importance as they are often the boundaries of dissolution features. Obtaining images based on amplitude‐volume enhancement techniques allows to better visualize karst voids and deep‐rooted discontinuities because these features are often associated with low‐amplitude zones, which are highlighted in such images. Due to this processing flow, stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features can be enhanced, allowing the interpreter to establish spatial and genetic associations among these elements to obtain a better understanding of the karst formation process.

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“…; Liu et al . ). To overcome these difficulties, an advanced understanding of karst evolution is required to set up both reservoir and aquifer models (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bauer and Tóth 2017), which is a serious problem, given that many important carbonate reservoirs are karstified (e.g. Chip et al 2000;Liu and Liu 2012;Yang et al 2012;Liu et al 2013). To overcome these difficulties, an advanced understanding of karst evolution is required to set up both reservoir and aquifer models (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%