The First Isolation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus From Mosquitoes Collected From Mainland Australia

Abstract

In response to an incursion of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) on Cape York Peninsula, Australia, in 2005, 23,144 Culex mosquitoes were processed for virus detection. A single isolate of JEV was obtained from a pool of Culex sitiens subgroup mosquitoes. This is the first reported mosquito isolate of JEV from the Australian mainland.

Domestic Pigs and Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection, Australia

“…Dumps are a potential focus of JEV activity because mosquitoes, feral pigs, and wading birds congregate at them (10). Maximum-likelihood estimation of mosquito infection rates with 95% confi dence intervals were calculated for each of these general areas by using the PooledInfRate statistical software package (11).…”

A newly discovered flavivirus in the yellow fever virus group displays restricted replication in vertebrates

“…Four of the remaining flavivirus isolates were identified as Kokobera virus (KOKV) and one isolate as JEV (results not shown). Thus, the MAVRIC system proved extremely useful: confirming the single JEV isolate, originally detected by RT-PCR by van den Hurk et al (2006) using both JEV-specific and pan-flavivirus primers (Pyke et al, 2004;Scaramozzino et al, 2001); and detecting a number of additional arboviral isolates from this cohort of samples (2 BgV, 4 KOKV, 1 Ross River virus and 1 Sindbis virus; data not shown). BgV was isolated from mosquitoes within the Culex sitiens subgroup, thus it appears to be using the same vectors as most arboviruses in Australia (Jansen et al, 2008;Kay et al, 1984;Ritchie et al, 1997a, b).…”

“…1a). These mosquitoes were originally collected as part of a JEV surveillance program following an incursion of JEV onto mainland Australia (van den Hurk et al, 2006). In the present study, we screened these mosquito samples for new viruses using a novel, sequence-independent virus detection system based on the identification of viral double-stranded RNA replicative intermediates in fixed-cell ELISA referred to as MAVRIC (monoclonal antibodies against viral RNA intermediates in cells) (O'Brien et al, 2015).…”

A Single N-Linked Glycosylation Site in the Japanese Encephalitis Virus prM Protein Is Critical for Cell Type-Specific prM Protein Biogenesis, Virus Particle Release, and Pathogenicity in Mice

“…JEV is the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis in many Asian countries, leading to permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae and even death in children and young adults (13,60,64,66). Over the past two decades, JEV has spread throughout the Indonesian archipelago (9, 75) to the Australian territories (41,42,65), attracting increasing attention in the arena of international public health.JEV contains a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of Ϸ11,000 nucleotides. The RNA genome has a cap structure at the 5Ј end and lacks a poly(A) tail at the 3Ј end (37).…”