The first histological and immunohistochemical examination of thymus in a case of fetus in fetu

Varga, Ivan; Jablonska, Veronika; Cingel, Vladimir; Kubíková, Eliška; Dorko, F; Polák, Štefan

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2010.05.007

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, FIF likely arises from a zygote at a primitive-streak stage and fetiform mass develops to a certain degree in a manner similar to normal fetal development [7]. In contrast, teratoma consists of pluripotent cells, without organogenesis or vertebral segmentation [17]. In both our patients, pathologic examination showed vertebral column with cartilage within the mass, further supporting the diagnosis of FIF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Fetus in fetu: two case reports and literature review

Chen

Zou

et al. 2014

BMC Pediatr

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BackgroundFetus in fetu is a rare congenital anomaly and is defined as a monozygotic twin incorporated into the abdomen of its sibling during development. Fetus in fetu is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass. Unlike teratomas, fetus in fetu is a benign disorder.Case presentationWe describe the clinical characteristics of two patients, a thirty-months old boy who was found to have abdominal distension and a neonate who was diagnosed antenatally with abdominal mass. Computed tomography scan revealed the mass in which the contents favor a fetus in fetu rather than a teratoma. Surgical removal revealed that the anencephalic fetus have limb buds situated relative to a palpable vertebral column, supporting the diagnosis of fetus in fetu. In the present report, presentation, diagnosis, pathology, management, and recent literature are also reviewed.ConclusionFetus in fetu is a rare entity that typically presents in infancy and early childhood. It should be differentiated from a teratoma because of the teratoma’s malignant potential. Preoperative diagnosis is based on radiologic findings. The treatment of fetus in fetu is operative to relieve obstruction, prevent further compression and possible complications. Complete excision allows confirmation of the diagnosis and lowers the risk of recurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Fetus in fetu: two case reports and literature review

Chen

Zou

et al. 2014

BMC Pediatr

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“…Furthermore, we adopted the reliable avian antibodies against PCK [ 16 ] and S100 [ 29 ] to analyze the colocalization of TLR4 and thymic stromal cells and found that TLR4 was distributed in similar areas as PCK and S100 in ostrich thymus (Figures A-D in S1 File ). We also performed the first double staining of eosinophils (by special dye) and TLR4 (by antibody) in the same section of ostrich thymus, and found no overlap of these two signals (Figure E in S1 File ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Thymic Cell Turnover under Boron Stress May Bypass TLR3/4 Pathway in African Ostrich

Huang

Xiao

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Previous studies revealed that thymus is a targeted immune organ in malnutrition, and high-boron stress is harmful for immune organs. African ostrich is the living fossil of ancient birds and the food animals in modern life. There is no report about the effect of boron intake on thymus of ostrich. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of excessive boron stress on ostrich thymus and the potential role of TLR3/4 signals in this process. Histological analysis demonstrated that long-term boron stress (640 mg/L for 90 days) did not disrupt ostrich thymic structure during postnatal development. However, the numbers of apoptotic cells showed an increased tendency, and the expression of autophagy and proliferation markers increased significantly in ostrich thymus after boron treatment. Next, we examined the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 with their downstream molecular in thymus under boron stress. Since ostrich genome was not available when we started the research, we first cloned ostrich TLR3 TLR4 cDNA from thymus. Ostrich TLR4 was close to white-throated Tinamou. Whole avian TLR4 codons were under purify selection during evolution, whereas 80 codons were under positive selection. TLR3 and TLR4 were expressed in ostrich thymus and bursa of fabricius as was revealed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). TLR4 expression increased with age but significantly decreased after boron treatment, whereas TLR3 expression showed the similar tendency. Their downstream molecular factors (IRF1, JNK, ERK, p38, IL-6 and IFN) did not change significantly in thymus, except that p100 was significantly increased under boron stress when analyzed by qRT-PCR or western blot. Taken together, these results suggest that ostrich thymus developed resistance against long-term excessive boron stress, possibly by accelerating intrathymic cell death and proliferation, which may bypass the TLR3/4 pathway. In addition, attenuated TLRs activity may explain the reduced inflammatory response to pathogens under boron stress.

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“…The bony structure in the mass of our case supported the diagnosis of FIF instead of a teratoma. Although a teratoma consists of 3 primitive blastoderm cell layers, it does not develop through the primitive streak stage and does not have organgenesis or vertebral segmentation [ 25 ]. CT also detected spinal dysraphisms of the sacrum in the host and accumulation of adipose tissue in the epidural space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of fetus in fetu in the sacrococcygeal region: CT and MRI findings

2021

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Background Fetus in fetu is a rare condition in which a malformed fetus is found in the body of a living twin. The retroperitoneum is the most common location of this condition. However, the sacrococcygeal region is a rare site of the disease. The presence of vertebral bodies and limbs differentiates FIF from teratoma. Imaging modalities are important for diagnosing FIF. Case presentation A 12-months old boy was hospitalized because of a mass in the sacrococcygeal region. CT showed a large, complex mass with bony structure resembling sacrococcygeal bone, hip bone and the femur in the sacrococcygeal region of the boy. The blood supply of the mass was from the aorta of the host. MRI revealed the mass was connected with the dilated sacral canal of the host, which resulted in tethered cord. A preoperative diagnosis of FIF was made and surgery was performed to remove the mass. Surgical removal and subsequent pathological examination revealed the anencephalic fetus had limb buds and a sacrum but no axial skeleton, which supported the diagnosis of FIF. Conclusions CT and MRI played important roles in diagnosing FIF based on the location of the lesion.

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The first histological and immunohistochemical examination of thymus in a case of fetus in fetu

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Fetus in fetu: two case reports and literature review

Fetus in fetu: two case reports and literature review

Increased Thymic Cell Turnover under Boron Stress May Bypass TLR3/4 Pathway in African Ostrich

A rare case of fetus in fetu in the sacrococcygeal region: CT and MRI findings

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