The first generation biodiesel: The effects of raw material on physical properties, oxidation stability and emissions

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare oxidation stability, emissions during engine tests and fuel properties of biodiesels. The biodiesels were produced from different raw materials using the transesterification process. The raw materials used were: salmon oil, fox fat, rainbow trout oil, rapeseed oil and linseed oil. The engine tests showed differences in emissions with different biodiesels. The fatty acid profiles were measured and their effect on oxidation stability and other fuel properties were noticeable. The effect of synthetic antioxidant was also measured for different biodiesels. The oxidation stability increase was related to the raw material used to produce the fuel. The oxidation stability of biodiesel blends was measured. The oxidation stability of the blended fuel increased when biodiesel with a higher oxidation stability level was introduced. These measurements indicate that oxidation stability can be enhanced with antioxidants and by blending diesel fuel or other biodiesels together.

A comparative study of the antioxidant effect on the autoxidation stability of ester-type biodiesels and source oils

“…A similar result has been found in various studies concerning biodiesel produced from different source materials [9,16,22].…”

“…Antioxidants are chemicals that inhibit the autoxidation process [6,16]. These are natural and synthetic compounds which interrupt the oxidation process by reacting with the fat radical to form a stable radical that doesn't react rapidly with oxygen [9,17].…”

“…There are differences between antioxidants and their functionality in certain biodiesel [10,16,18,19]. This means that to ensure efficient stability of the final product the antioxidant has to be chosen according to the feedstock used.…”

Stability of biodiesel – A review

“…Some of the studies [25,27,[56][57][58] also point out that it may also indicate their tendency of polymerization and deposit formation. IV is the property that has been related to the suitability of biodiesel for long term engine usage [104]. Iodine values of 120 and 130 have been specified in the European standards EN 14214 and EN 14213 respectively.…”

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

“…Biodiesel produced through the transesterification of these types of fatty acids show numerous advantages over petro-diesel such as low emissions of CO, CO 2 , hydrocarbons, and unwanted particles. However, such biodiesel has several problems including low cetane number, poor cold flow properties, high viscosity, and low oxidative stability [92,93]. In contrast, long chain and saturated fatty acids give a high cetane number value that increases along with the fatty acids chain length and saturation.…”