The First French Canadians: Pioneers in the St. Lawrence Valley.

Choquette, Leslie; Charbonneau, Hubert; Desjardins, Bertrand; Guillemette, Andre; Landry, Yves; Légaré, Jacques; Nault, François; Bates, Réal; Boleda, Mario; Colozzo, Paola

doi:10.2307/2947450

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that colonists (e.g., women vs. men) did not equally contribute to the population gene pool, and that descendant populations reflect differential genetic drift within each region along the St‐Lawrence River (Gagnon et al, 2023; Heyer & Tremblay, 1995; Tremblay et al, 2008). Pointe‐aux‐Trembles exhibited the highest variance explained when looking at intergroup variance: the latter might also reflect the different waves of genetic introgression of soldiers, who stayed at the end of their services or had offspring outside of wedlock's (Charbonneau et al, 1993; Havard & Vidal, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major trade posts and religious missions were founded along the river where 15,000 immigrants settled in three main colonial cities, Quebec (1608), Trois-Rivières (1634), and Montreal (1642) (Charbonneau et al, 1993;Havard & Vidal, 2019;Larin, 2000). During the settlement's early stages, the colony struggled to sustain its workforce as immigration was made on a voluntary basis and attracted mostly men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their disappearance instituted Terra nullius (Nobody's land) that facilitated the French Crown mercantile and settlement purposes in Nouvelle‐France (New‐France) (Havard & Vidal, 2019; Trigger, 1986). Major trade posts and religious missions were founded along the river where 15,000 immigrants settled in three main colonial cities, Quebec (1608), Trois‐Rivières (1634), and Montreal (1642) (Charbonneau et al, 1993; Havard & Vidal, 2019; Larin, 2000). During the settlement's early stages, the colony struggled to sustain its workforce as immigration was made on a voluntary basis and attracted mostly men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 1663 and 1673, about 800 women of marrying age called Filles du Roy (Daughters of the King) were sent among other new migrants to ensure the colony's survival (Havard & Vidal, 2019; Larin, 2000). Better living conditions associated with a relatively low mortality and a high birth rate, both of which allowed the Nouvelle‐France population to reach a certain equilibrium by 1695, followed by an exponential demographic growth (Charbonneau et al, 1993). In 1763, the Treaty of Paris sealed the British conquest of Quebec, putting an end to the 7 years' war.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Investigating temporal bone variation of colonial populations from St‐Lawrence Valley, Quebec: A 3D geometric morphometric approach

Martin‐Moya,

Ribot

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesIn Quebec, genetic and genealogical research are used to document migratory events and family structures since colonial times, because bioarchaeological analysis is limited by poor skeletal preservation. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring past population structure in the St‐Lawrence Valley from the French (1683–1760) and British (1760–1867) regimes using morphological variation of well‐preserved temporal bones.Materials and Methods3D geometric morphometrics shape data from seven populations (five Catholics of French descent and two Protestants of British descent; n = 214) were collected from temporal bones. Using Procrustes distances and both MANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis, morphological differences were measured to calculate affinities patterns among populations. Shape variations were explored with between‐group analysis, Mahalanobis distances and quantified by means of Fst estimates using Relethford–Blangero analysis.ResultsDespite strong affinities between all Catholic cemeteries, all show divergent morphological regional diversity ‐especially Montreal and the fortified villages dedicated to its defense. Montreal exhibits low increase in morphological variance over three centuries. As our results show no morphological differences between the Catholic and the Protestant cemeteries in Montreal, this fact may highlight the potential presence of Irish or admixed individuals in Montreal cemeteries after the British takeover.DiscussionPatterns of morphological diversity highlighted that French colonists did not equally contribute to the descendant populations as reflected by significant interregional variation. Although historical records show that French and English‐speaking populations did not tend to admix, morphological affinities between Protestants and Catholics in the beginning of the industrial era in Montreal could reflect the genetic contribution of Catholic Irish migrants.Research Highlights All Catholic cemeteries display distinct morphologies, highlighting differential contributions from French colonists and founder effects, which have increased regional differences. Montreal Catholic (French descent) and Protestant (English colonists) cemeteries show significant morphological affinities at the beginning of the industrial era. The Irish migration following the British conquest may explain morphological similarities observed between Catholic and Protestant cemeteries.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigating temporal bone variation of colonial populations from St‐Lawrence Valley, Quebec: A 3D geometric morphometric approach

Martin‐Moya,

Ribot

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most individuals in Quebec derive ancestry from ~8500 settlers who migrated from France in the 17th and 18th centuries-we refer to these individuals as French Canadians. The first 2600 French settlers contributed two-thirds of the French Canadian gene pool (18). French settlers occupied territory inhabited and used by First Nations for thousands of years (19).…”

Section: Regional Distribution Of Genetic Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the genes, genealogies, and geographies of Quebec

Anderson-Trocmé

Nelson

Zabad

et al. 2023

Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Population genetic models only provide coarse representations of real-world ancestry. We used a pedigree compiled from 4 million parish records and genotype data from 2276 French and 20,451 French Canadian individuals to finely model and trace French Canadian ancestry through space and time. The loss of ancestral French population structure and the appearance of spatial and regional structure highlights a wide range of population expansion models. Geographic features shaped migrations, and we find enrichments for migration, genetic, and genealogical relatedness patterns within river networks across regions of Quebec. Finally, we provide a freely accessible simulated whole-genome sequence dataset with spatiotemporal metadata for 1,426,749 individuals reflecting intricate French Canadian population structure. Such realistic population-scale simulations provide opportunities to investigate population genetics at an unprecedented resolution.

show abstract

Genealogical Analysis of Maternal and Paternal Lineages in the Quebec Population

Tremblay,

V�zina

2010

hub

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Quebec population is one of the rare populations of its size for which genealogical information is available for an uninterrupted period of almost four centuries. This allows for in-depth studies on the formation and evolution of a young founder population. Using data from two major population registers, in this study we focus on the maternal and paternal lineages (i.e., strictly female or male genealogical lines) that can be traced back within the Quebec genealogies. Through the analysis of these lineages it is possible to characterize the founders who transmitted to the contemporary population their mitochondrial (for females) and Y-chromosome (for males) DNA. The basic material consists of 2,221 ascending genealogies of subjects who married in the Quebec population between 1945 and 1965. On average, more than nine generations of ancestors were identified among the lineages. Analyses of maternal and paternal lineages show that the number of paternal founders is higher and their origins and genetic contributions are more variable than that of maternal founders, leading to a larger effective population size and greater diversity of Y chromosomes than of mtDNA. This is explained for the most part by differential migratory patterns among male and female founders of the Quebec population. Comparisons of sex-specific genetic contributions with total genetic contribution showed a strong correlation between the two values, with some discrepancies related to sex ratio differences among the founders' first descendants.

show abstract

The First French Canadians: Pioneers in the St. Lawrence Valley.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Investigating temporal bone variation of colonial populations from St‐Lawrence Valley, Quebec: A 3D geometric morphometric approach

Investigating temporal bone variation of colonial populations from St‐Lawrence Valley, Quebec: A 3D geometric morphometric approach

On the genes, genealogies, and geographies of Quebec

Genealogical Analysis of Maternal and Paternal Lineages in the Quebec Population

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About