The first feline immunodeficiency virus from Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in northeastern China

Liu, Enqi; Ma, Liying; Huang, Shuping; You, Dan; Guo, Linlin; Li, Xiang; Xu, Haitao; Liu, Dan; Chai, Hongliang; Wang, Yajun

doi:10.1007/s00705-022-05370-5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…FCV phylogenetic tree analysis showed that HB-1926 strain and other FCV strains were grouped into separate FIV naturally infects many different feline species with the high prevalence rate and destroys the immune system, leading to secondary infections with other bacteria and viruses, and ultimately animal death (Liem et al, 2013). Nested PCR was performed for FIV gag-p26, pol-RT, and pol-RNAse regions in our study, the result showed that only three tigers from Hailin were FIV positive (0.9%), and these three fragments, gag-p26 (406 bp), pol-RT (552 bp), and pol-RNAse (715 bp), shared about 99% homology, respectively, compared with the same regions of domestic cats (Liu et al, 2022); this result confirmed the prevalence of FIV in the Siberian tiger population in Northeastern China. However, only two FIV gene fragments from tigers in the world were reported at present, 450 bp from the gag gene (Pti-104 strain) (Troyer et al 2005) and 505 bp from pol gene (FIVfca 13D strain, GenBank accession number EF667041).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of four viruses in captive Siberian tigers from Northeastern China

Huang

Guo

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Our study investigated the prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in captive Siberian tigers in Northeastern China. A total of 324 blood samples and 33 nasopharyngeal swab samples of Siberian tigers collected from 2019 to 2021 in three cities were investigated by nested PCR. The results showed that 28.1% (91/324) tigers were infected with at least one virus; the positive rates of FHV-1, FCV, and FIV were 17.3%, 13.6%, and 0.9%, respectively; and the coinfection prevalence was 13.2%.No FeLV-positive sample was detected. And we found that the blood is the best for FCV, FIV, and FeLV detection, but nasopharyngeal swabs for FHV-1. By comparing the gD genes, TK gene, and gI gene of FHV-1, the homology of the three FHV-1 positive strains in this study was found to be 91.5%-99.9% shared with tigers and domestic cats. Based on a comparison of the nucleic acid sequences of 13 FCV strains, we found that the homology of strain HB-1926 with the other strains in this study was only about 77.7%, but shared 99.3% and 98.6% homology with Urnaba strain in American cat and TG1 strain in Chinese tiger, respectively. However, the other 12 FCV strains shared 87.1%-87.5% homology compared with the Chinese domestic cats. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the HB-1926 strain was not in the same clade as other strains.The fragments gag-p26, pol-RT, and pol-RNAse of Siberian tiger FIV shared more than 99% homology than domestic cats FIV subtype A. This study demonstrated that captive Siberian tigers in Northeastern China were exposed to FHV-1, FCV, and FIV, and it is necessary to develop more effective vaccines and improve daily management measures.

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Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of four viruses in captive Siberian tigers from Northeastern China

Huang

Guo

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…In the FPV clade, both the tigers and lion strains in this study belong to the same evolutionary clade, and in this clade, the tiger and lion strains are closely related to the reference strains from tigers and cats. The Siberian tigers in these three regions were all fenced with wire mesh that prevents the tigers from escaping but does not restrict domestic cat movement, and the staffs often see the stray cats pass in and out of the Siberian Tiger Park freely, which allows for the possibility of contact, and therefore transmission, between the stray cats and tigers or lions ( Liu et al, 2022 ). Considering the widespread infection of FPV ( Franzo et al, 2017 ) and the captive environment, FPV might be transmitted from the stray cats to tigers and lions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first immunization was taken after birth and the second was 1 month later (Fel-O-Vax PCT, Zoetis, United States). No animals were killed for investigative purposes, and all samples were collected by the veterinarian of Siberian Tiger Park, which was approved by the Northeast Forestry University Institutional Review Board of Ethics and Administration of Experimental Animals (NEFU-IRBEA) ( Liu et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Parvovirus in Captive Siberian Tigers and Lions in Northeastern China From 2019 to 2021

Huang

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The fact that wild felines are carriers of pernicious infectious viruses should be a major concern due to the potential cross-species transmission between the felines and human or domestic animals. However, studies on the virus in the captive wild felines, especially in tigers, are thin on the ground. In this study, we screened four infectious viruses, namely, feline parvovirus (FPV), feline coronavirus (FCoV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and influenza A virus (IAV), in the blood samples of 285 captive Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) and in the spleen samples of two deceased lions (Panthera leo), which were collected from 2019 to 2021 in three Siberian Tiger Parks from the northeast of China. Nucleic acids isolated from the blood samples collected from tigers and the spleen samples collected from two deceased lions were positive for FPV by PCR, and the positive rate was 4.6% (13/285) in tigers. Furthermore, the VP2 gene of FPV was amplified by nested PCR, and the sequences of the VP2 gene from these six FPV positive strains shared 98.3–99.9% homology with the reference. The key amino acid sites of VP2 protein were consistent with that of FPV reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP2 gene showed that in this study, FPV-positive strains were grouped within the FPV clade and closely related to the Asian strains clade. The results of this study showed that FPV circulated in the captive Siberian tigers and lions in northeastern China and provided valuable information for the study of FPV epidemiology in wild felines. Therefore, we suggest that regular antibody monitoring and booster immunization for tigers should be performed.

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“…Most prominent among these are parvoviruses and retroviruses (e.g., feline leukemia virus [FeLV] and FIV), which cause abortions and stillbirths in pregnant cats (Givens and Marley, 2008;Fontbonne et al, 2020), however, FHV, FCV, Toxoplasma gondii (rarely) and a variety of bacteria have also been implicated (Givens and Marley, 2008). Both FIV and FeLV are rare in captive tigers (De la Cruz-Hernández et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2022), and with only one report of FIV in a freeranging tiger (Naidenko et al, 2018), 2 the status of infections in wild populations remains unclear. By contrast, high seroprevalence of parvovirus antibodies (65-73% Table 1) indicates that exposure is common in wild tigers and its significance warrants more detailed investigation.…”

Section: Disease That Reduces the Productivity Of Breeding Tigersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease threats to tigers and their prey

2023

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The contraction of the global tiger population over the last 100 years into small, often isolated subpopulations has made them increasingly vulnerable to the impact of disease. Despite this, the health of wild tigers continues to be insufficiently funded and explored. For example, canine distemper virus (CDV), has been associated with localized declines and increased risk of extinction, and yet has received little research attention in most tiger range countries. The emergence of new pathogenic threats has posed fresh challenges, including African swine fever virus (ASFV), which has the potential to devastate wild boar populations, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) with implications for tiger conservation that remain unknown. The objective of this review is to synthesize current research on the health of tigers and their prey that impacts the conservation of tigers in the wild. Published sources are interpreted based on three mechanisms through which disease can affect the viability of tiger populations: (1) by reducing the survival of adult tigers, (2) by reducing breeding productivity, and (3) by reducing the carrying capacity of tiger habitat through decreased prey abundance. Examples of CDV, SARS-CoV2, carnivore protoparvovirus 1 and ASFV are used to illustrate these processes and inform discussion of research and mitigation priorities.

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The first feline immunodeficiency virus from Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in northeastern China

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence of four viruses in captive Siberian tigers from Northeastern China

Prevalence of four viruses in captive Siberian tigers from Northeastern China

Molecular Detection of Parvovirus in Captive Siberian Tigers and Lions in Northeastern China From 2019 to 2021

Disease threats to tigers and their prey

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