The first fatal case of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> infection in Denmark

Bock, Troels; Christensen, Nils; Eriksen, N. H. Riewerts; Winter, Steen; Rygaard, H.; Jørgensen, F

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1994.tb05247.x

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For temperate Northern European Waters, an increasing number of seawater-related wound infections have been reported since the mid-1990s, mainly during summer heat waves. The majority of these infections occurred at the Baltic Sea coast such as in Denmark [20,21], Sweden [5,22], Finland [23] and Germany [24]; however, sporadic Vibriorelated cases were recorded upon contact with North Sea waters in the Netherlands [9,25] and Britain [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. at Recreational Beaches of the German North Sea

Böer

Heinemeyer²,

Luden³

et al. 2013

Microb Ecol

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The number of reported Vibrio-related wound infections associated with recreational bathing in Northern Europe has increased within the last decades. In order to study the health risk from potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the central Wadden Sea, the seasonal and spatial distribution of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae were investigated at ten recreational beaches in this area over a 2-year period. V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were found to be omnipresent all year round in the study area, while V. vulnificus occurrence was restricted to summer months in the estuaries of the rivers Ems and Weser. Multiple linear regression models revealed that water temperature is the most important determinant of Vibrio spp. occurrence in the area. Differentiated regression models showed a species-specific response to water temperature and revealed a particularly strong effect of even minor temperature increases on the probability of detecting V. vulnificus in summer. In sediments, Vibrio spp. concentrations were up to three orders of magnitude higher than in water. Also, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were found to be less susceptible towards winter temperatures in the benthic environment than in the water, indicating an important role of sediments for Vibrio ecology. While only a very small percentage of tested V. parahaemolyticus proved to be potentially pathogenic, the presence of V. vulnificus during the summer months should be regarded with care.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. at Recreational Beaches of the German North Sea

Böer

Heinemeyer²,

Luden³

et al. 2013

Microb Ecol

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“…The hypothesis was confirmed after the identification of one human isolate from the ATCC as belonging to BT2 and serovar E (BT2-SerE) (1). Although new human cases of vibriosis, acquired after fish manipulation, have been reported in northern Europe (5,6,9,14,22), none of these isolates has been identified at a subspecies level. These cases have been related to an increase in seawater temperature surrounding Baltic countries (water with salinity adequate for V. vulnificus survival) due to atypically warm years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 2 and Simultaneous Discrimination of Serovar E Strains

Sanjuán

Amaro

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In the present work we develop a multiplex PCR assay for the detection and identification of the fish pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with discriminating potential for zoonotic strains (serovar E). The PCR assay allowed the identification of two new biotype 2 serovar E human isolates from culture collections. Finally, the multiplex was successfully applied to both diagnosis and carrier detection in field samples.Vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic bacterium from warm and tropical ecosystems, with pathogenic potential for humans and fish (mainly eels). Human vibriosis occurs after eating contaminated seafood or exposing open wounds to seawater (7,16,19), and fish vibriosis occurs after immersion in contaminated water or contact with diseased animals or carriers (2). The species is subdivided into three biotypes on the basis of differences in biochemical, genetic, and serological tests, as well as on the basis of the host range (4,20). At present, biotyping involves tedious and time-consuming tests (3, 4). For this reason, the clinical strains from fish are directly classified as biotype 2 (BT2), and those from humans as biotype 1, with the exception of the cellobiose-negative isolates from Israel, considered to be biotype 3.The first link between diseased fish manipulation and human diseases was established by Veenstra et al. in The Netherlands in 1992 (23). These authors hypothesized that diseased eels could constitute a risk for public health because the fish pathogen V. vulnificus BT2 could sporadically infect humans. The hypothesis was confirmed after the identification of one human isolate from the ATCC as belonging to BT2 and serovar E (BT2-SerE) (1). Although new human cases of vibriosis, acquired after fish manipulation, have been reported in northern Europe (5,6,9,14,22), none of these isolates has been identified at a subspecies level. These cases have been related to an increase in seawater temperature surrounding Baltic countries (water with salinity adequate for V. vulnificus survival) due to atypically warm years.The main objective of the present work was to develop a biotyping procedure based on a PCR assay that simplifies the identification of the V. vulnificus BT2 fish pathogen and, at the same time, allows for the discrimination of those isolates with human pathogenic potential (SerE). A secondary objective was to adapt the PCR protocol to vibriosis-diagnostic and -sensitive detection of the pathogen in subclinical carrier fish.For the design of the PCR primer sets, we selected the cytolisin gene vvhA, which is present in all V. vulnificus strains regardless of the biotype (13,24,25), and two DNA sequences specific for BT2 and SerE. These sequences were obtained from a study in which genomic DNA of eel-virulent and of eel-avirulent strains of different biotypes was compared by suppression subtractive hybridization (15). The BT2-specific sequences could be considered virulence markers since they are present only in the fish-virulent strains (15). Table 1 shows the sequences of the three primer p...

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“…Large numbers of cases resulting from infection via skin have been reported in different parts of the world, eg, United States (18), Canada (29,30), Denmark (31,32) and Taiwan (8).…”

Section: Sources Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other countries: Reported cases of infection with V vulnificus for the period from 1981 to 1992 from several countries reveals over 300 cases of primary septicemia and over 100 wound infections, resulting in over 200 deaths (40). Cases and deaths have been reported throughout the world: India (41), Korea (15), Taiwan (8,42), Hong Kong (43), Australia (10), Denmark (31,32), Belgium (44), Sweden (45), The Netherlands (46,47) and other countries. It is unclear whether the recent increase in reported cases of infection represents a true increase in incidence or improved diagnosis and reporting.…”

Section: Documented Cases Of V Vulnificus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Vibrio Vulnificus Present a Health Threat to Canadians?

Stavric

Buchanan

1997

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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OBJECTIVE: To review recent data onVibrio vulnificusand its properties, characteristics of disease and epidemiology, sources of infection, population at risk, infectious dose, documented cases of infection and health risk fromV vulnificusinfection in Canada.DATA SOURCE: A MEDLINE and CURRENT CONTENTS search (1981 through September 1996) using the main heading ‘Vibrio vulnificus’, ‘Vibrio species’, ‘seafood’, etc. Relevant articles were also selected from the literature collection in the authors’ laboratory.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: The authors judged articles relevant to the objective of the paper and selected them for a review.DATA SYNTHESIS:V vulnificus, an important cause of septicemia, wound infections and gastroenteritis, is considered to be one of the most invasive and rapidly lethal human pathogens. Molluscan shellfish concentrate this organism from warm seawater and present the greatest danger to consumers. Infections with this pathogen have been reported throughout the world. Most deaths have resulted from the consumption of raw or undercooked oysters, fewer from contact with seawater. Individuals with underlying disease, particularly those with liver diseases and iron overload, are the most susceptible.CONCLUSION: The two reported cases ofV vulnificuswound infection in Canada might not represent the real situation. Infection with this organism may go unrecognized, unreported or simply may not occur. Medical professionals need to become aware of this pathogen and the dire consequences of infection in individuals with underlying disease.

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The first fatal case of Vibrio vulnificus infection in Denmark

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. at Recreational Beaches of the German North Sea

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. at Recreational Beaches of the German North Sea

Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 2 and Simultaneous Discrimination of Serovar E Strains

Does Vibrio Vulnificus Present a Health Threat to Canadians?

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