The first echinoderm gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus)

Ren, Chen; Chen, Ting; Jiang, Xiao; Luo, Xing; Wang, Yanhong; Hu, Chaoqun

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.024

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Disulfide bonds are redox-controlled switches for pathogen invasion and are involved in regulating pathogen entry into the endocytic pathway of vertebrates (42) and some invertebrates (43,44). Recently, vesicle-mediated colonization of salivary glands has been suggested for CYp infection of E. variegatus (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Phytoplasmas Elicit Different Responses in the Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum

et al. 2018

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Phytoplasmas are plant-pathogenic bacteria transmitted by hemipteran insects. The leafhopper is a natural vector of chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (CYp) and a laboratory vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp). The two phytoplasmas induce different effects on this species: CYp slightly improves whereas FDp negatively affects insect fitness. To investigate the molecular bases of these different responses, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of infected with either CYp or FDp was performed. The sequencing provided the first transcriptome assembly for a phytoplasma vector and a starting point for further analyses on differentially regulated genes, mainly related to immune system and energy metabolism. Insect phenoloxidase activity, immunocompetence, and body pigmentation were measured to investigate the immune response, while respiration and movement rates were quantified to confirm the effects on energy metabolism. The activation of the insect immune response upon infection with FDp, which is not naturally transmitted by, confirmed that this bacterium is mostly perceived as a potential pathogen. Conversely, the acquisition of CYp, which is naturally transmitted by , seems to increase the insect fitness by inducing a prompt response to stress. This long-term relationship is likely to improve survival and dispersal of the infected insect, thus enhancing the opportunity of phytoplasma transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Phytoplasmas Elicit Different Responses in the Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum

et al. 2018

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“…Given that coelomocytes are considered as the immune effector cells in echinoderms [10], the coelomocytes from H. leucospilota were applied to explore the response of sea cucumber after challenge of immune stimuli. Isolation of primary cells and static incubation of coelomocytes were performed as previously reported with some modifications [40,41]. Briefly, three sea cucumbers were washed with sterile DEPC water three times before dissection on ice.…”

Section: Isolation Primary Culture and Static Incubation Of Coelomocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) coelomocytes revealed the echinoderm cytokine response during immune challenge

Chen

Huo

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: The sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota belongs to echinoderm, which is evolutionally the most primitive group of deuterostomes. Sea cucumber has a cavity between its digestive tract and the body wall that is filled with fluid and suspended coelomic cells similar to blood cells. The humoral immune response of the sea cucumber is based on the secretion of various immune factors from coelomocytes into the coelomic cavity. The aim of this study is to lay out a foundation for the immune mechanisms in echinoderms and their origins in chordates by using RNA-seq. Results: Sea cucumber primary coelomocytes were isolated from healthy H. leucospilota and incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/ml), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly (I:C), 10 μg/ml] and heat-inactived Vibrio harveyi (10 7 cell/ml) for 24 h, respectively. After high-throughput mRNA sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq2500, a de novo transcriptome was assembled and the Unigenes were annotated. Thirteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected randomly from our data and subsequently verified by using RT-qPCR. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with those of the RNA-seq (R 2 = 0.61). The top 10 significantly enriched signaling pathways and immune-related pathways of the common and unique DEGs were screened from the transcriptome data. Twentyone cytokine candidate DEGs were identified, which belong to 4 cytokine families, namely, BCL/CLL, EPRF1, IL-17 and TSP/TPO. Gene expression in response to LPS dose-increased treatment (0, 10, 20 and 50 μg/ml) showed that IL-17 family cytokines were significantly upregulated after 10 μg/ml LPS challenge for 24 h.

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“…In sea cucumbers, coelomocytes and intestine are generally considered in close relationship to the cellular immune response (Eliseikina and Magarlamov ; Ramírez‐Gómez et al ). LPS and Poly (I:C) are immunostimulants in previous studies (Ren et al ). According to our previous results, the highest expression of A 2 M mRNA was found in the intestine of S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…S . monotuberculatus is becoming one of the startup aquaculture species in South China because of its high edible and economic values (Liao ; Ren et al ). Holothuria atra (Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae), a black tropical sea cucumber species, mainly inhabits coral reef areas and sandy bottoms along the Indo‐West Pacific coast (Liao ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stichopus monotuberculatus (Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae), a yellowish-brown sea cucumber species, naturally distributes in tropical coral reef areas of the Indo-West Pacific coast (Rowe and Gates 1995). S. monotuberculatus is becoming one of the startup aquaculture species in South China because of its high edible and economic values (Liao 1997;Ren et al 2015). Holothuria atra (Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae), a black tropical sea cucumber species, mainly inhabits coral reef areas and sandy bottoms along the Indo-West Pacific coast (Liao 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative Characterization of Sequence Structure, Gene Expression, and Enzyme Activity of Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin between Stichopus monotuberculatus (Stichopodidae) and Holothuria atra (Holothuriidae)

Qian

Ren

Xia

et al. 2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2M) is essential for hosts defending against pathogen infections. In this study, two distinct A2Ms were identified from sea cucumbers Stichopus monotuberculatus and Holothuria atra, which belong to different genera in the Phylum Echinodermata, and named StmA2M and HaA2M, respectively. Structural analysis of StmA2M and HaA2M revealed that all contain the bait region domain, thioester domain, and receptor‐binding domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that StmA2M and HaA2M all belong to the echinoderm A2Ms. The cleavage site RXXR and the catalytic histidine residue for complement component C3 were found in StmA2M and HaA2M. Compared with human A2M, the three‐dimensional structures of StmA2M and HaA2M were more similar to that of common carp A2M. Both StmA2M and HaA2M showed the strongest response at transcriptional levels to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 12 h and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [Poly (I: C)] at 24 h, respectively. Activity of StmA2M showed the strongest response to Poly (I: C) at 6 h, while the strongest change of HaA2M activity was induced by LPS at 24 h. The differential mRNA expression and enzyme activity levels suggested that A2M in sea cucumbers might be involved in different immune responses to LPS or Poly (I: C) challenge.

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The first echinoderm gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus)

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Two Phytoplasmas Elicit Different Responses in the Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum

Two Phytoplasmas Elicit Different Responses in the Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum

Transcriptomic analysis of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) coelomocytes revealed the echinoderm cytokine response during immune challenge

Comparative Characterization of Sequence Structure, Gene Expression, and Enzyme Activity of Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin between Stichopus monotuberculatus (Stichopodidae) and Holothuria atra (Holothuriidae)

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