The First Complete Papillomavirus Genome Characterized from a Marsupial Host: a Novel Isolate from
            <i>Bettongia penicillata</i>

Bennett, Mark D.; Reiss, Andrea; Stevens, Hans; Heylen, Elisabeth; Ranst, Marc Van; Wayne, Adrian F.; Slaven, Mike; Mills, Jennifer N.; Warren, K.; O’Hara, A.J.; Nicholls, P.K.

doi:10.1128/jvi.02635-09

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It helped to identify a core group of priority candidates and directly instructed the allocation of resources for further investigation. Research undertaken to identify potential pathogens relevant for the decline identified several pathogens (Smith et al 2008;Bennett et al 2010;Thompson et al 2010;Abdad 2011;Kaewmongkol et al 2011) and determined the antibody status towards selected viral infections (Pacioni et al 2014). Many of the disease investigations continue, and no definitive conclusion has been drawn on the ultimate cause of the decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease hazard identification and assessment associated with wildlife population declines

Pacioni¹,

Eden²,

Reiss³

et al. 2015

Eco Management Restoration

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Summary Disease is increasingly being recognised as a risk factor in declining wildlife populations around the globe. However, there are limited protocols to assess disease risks in declining wildlife. Using epidemiological principles, we define a step‐by‐step framework to complete this complex and critical task. As an example, we assessed the potential role of diseases in relation to the decline of the woylie or brush‐tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) in Western Australia. Between 1999 and 2006, woylie populations declined by 90%. The wildlife disease risk assessment began with a list of all known or suspected diseases to which the woylie, a species of macropod, is susceptible. This list was assessed against the spatial, temporal and demographic characteristics of the decline. Diseases causing widespread and high mortalities or debilitation leading to predation received high scores. Based on this assessment, priority diseases or pathogens for investigation identified were haemoparasites, gastrointestinal helminths, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii), Encephalomyocarditis virus, Macropod Orbiviruses (Wallal virus and Warrego virus), Macropod Herpesviruses (Macropodid herpesvirus 1 and 2) and Salmonella spp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease hazard identification and assessment associated with wildlife population declines

Pacioni¹,

Eden²,

Reiss³

et al. 2015

Eco Management Restoration

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“…They are highly species specific and preferentially infect cutaneous or mucocutaneous epithelium. Papillomavirus genomes have been isolated and characterized from reptiles (Herbst et al, 2009), birds (Terai et al, 2002), marsupials (Bennett et al, 2010) and multiple other mammalian species (for recent review see Bernard et al (2010)) suggesting an evolutionary history spanning more than 300 million years (Herbst et al, 2009). Papillomaviruses replicate their genomes using the host enzymatic machinery, ensuring a high degree of proof reading with low mutation rates (Rector et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus genome variants

2013

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Amongst the human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the genus Alphapapillomavirus contains HPV types that are uniquely pathogenic. They can be classified into species and types based on genetic distances between viral genomes. Current circulating infectious HPVs constitute a set of viral genomes that have evolved with the rapid expansion of the human population. Viral variants were initially identified through restriction enzyme polymorphisms and more recently through sequence determination of viral fragments. Using partial sequence information, the history of variants, and the association of HPV variants with disease will be discussed with the main focus on the recent utilization of full genome sequence information for variant analyses. The use of multiple sequence alignments of complete viral genomes and phylogenetic analyses have begun to define variant lineages and sublineages using empirically defined differences of 1.0–10.0% and 0.5–1.0%, respectively. These studies provide the basis to define the genetics of HPV pathogenesis.

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“…However, the size of the BPCV genome and the genes encoding the late proteins (L1 and L2) are most similar to those of the papillomaviruses. It has been theorized that the BPCVs are derived from an ancient coinfection recombination event between a polyomavirus and a papillomavirus (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Polyomaviridae MicroRNA Function Derived from Study of the Bandicoot Papillomatosis Carcinomatosis Viruses

Chen

Kincaid

Seo

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Several different members of the Polyomaviridae, including some human pathogens, encode microRNAs (miRNAs) that lie antisense with respect to the early gene products, the tumor (T) antigens. These miRNAs negatively regulate T antigen expression by directing small interfering RNA (siRNA)-like cleavage of the early transcripts. miRNA mutant viruses of some members of the Polyomaviridae express increased levels of early proteins during lytic infection. However, the importance of miRNA-mediated negative regulation of the T antigens remains uncertain. Bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 1 (BPCV1) is associated with papillomas and carcinomas in the endangered marsupial the western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville). BPCV1 is the founding member of a new group of viruses that remarkably share distinct properties in common with both the polyomavirus and papillomavirus families. Here, we show that BPCV1 encodes, in the same orientation as the papillomavirus-like transcripts, a miRNA located within a long noncoding region (NCR) of the genome. Furthermore, this NCR serves the function of both promoter and template for the primary transcript that gives rise to the miRNA. Unlike the polyomavirus miRNAs, the BPCV1 miRNA is not encoded antisense to the T antigen transcripts but rather lies in a separate, proximal region of the genome. We have mapped the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of the BPCV1 large T antigen early transcript and identified a functional miRNA target site that is imperfectly complementary to the BPCV1 miRNA. Chimeric reporters containing the entire BPCV1 T antigen 3 UTR undergo negative regulation when coexpressed with the BPCV1 miRNA. Notably, the degree of negative regulation observed is equivalent to that of an identical reporter that is engineered to bind to the BPCV1 miRNA with perfect complementarity. We also show that this miRNA and this novel mode of early gene regulation are conserved with the related BPCV2. Finally, papillomatous lesions from a western barred bandicoot express readily detectable levels of this miRNA, stressing its likely importance in vivo. Combined, the alternative mechanisms of negative regulation of T antigen expression between the BPCVs and the polyomaviruses support the importance of miRNA-mediated autoregulation in the life cycles of some divergent polyomaviruses and polyomavirus-like viruses.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, approximately 22-nucleotide (nt) regulatory RNA molecules that have been shown to play an important role in numerous fields, including virology and immunology (reviewed in references 3, 9, 37, and 43).

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The First Complete Papillomavirus Genome Characterized from a Marsupial Host: a Novel Isolate from Bettongia penicillata

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Disease hazard identification and assessment associated with wildlife population declines

Disease hazard identification and assessment associated with wildlife population declines

Human papillomavirus genome variants

Insights into Polyomaviridae MicroRNA Function Derived from Study of the Bandicoot Papillomatosis Carcinomatosis Viruses

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