The First Case Report of Acute Symptomatic HEV Genotype 4 Infection in an HIV-positive Patient in Japan

Kitaura, Satoshi; Wakabayashi, Yoshitaka; Okazaki, Aiko; Okada, Yuta; Okamoto, Koh; Ikeda, Mahoko; Okugawa, Shu; Moriya, Kyoji

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4505-20

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…1 ). This is consistent with clinical observations that both GT3 and GT4 HEV patients have been reported from these regions [ [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] ]. Although Europe is dominated by GT3, GT4 HEV has been identified in some peculiar cases including chronically infected patients [ 17 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Estimating the global prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine and pork products

et al. 2022

One Health

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Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV), in particular the genotype (GT) 3 and GT4 strains, constitutes a major one health issue. Swine serves as an important reservoir and the processed pork products essentially contribute to foodborne transmission. This study comprehensively estimated HEV prevalence in domestic pigs, wild boars, and pork products. At global level, we found nearly 60% domestic pigs and 27% wild boars have ever encountered HEV infection based seroprevalence rate. Nearly 13% domestic and 9.5% wild swine are actively infected based on HEV RNA positivity. Importantly, about 10% of commercial pork products are HEV RNA positive, although available data are limited in this respect. Our results indicate the high prevalence rate of HEV infection in pigs and widespread contamination in pork products, although there are substantial variations at regional and country levels. These findings are important for better understanding the global epidemiology and clinical burden of HEV infection in human population related to zoonotic transmission.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Estimating the global prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine and pork products

et al. 2022

One Health

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“…Genotype III is distributed throughout the world, genotype IV is mainly distributed in Asia (Cossaboom et al., 2012 ; Miyashita et al., 2012 ), and genotypes III and IV can infect humans and are spread by many animals. The first clinical case of acute symptomatic HEV genotype 4 infection was reported in a patient in Japan in 2020 (Kitaura et al., 2020 ). Studies have found that in addition to humans, the hosts of HEV genotypes III and IV include macaques, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, pigs, deer, dogs, cattle, sheep, chickens, rabbits, bats and zigzags (Cossaboom et al., 2012 ; Meng, 2013 ; Pavio, et al., 2010 ; Saad et al., 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on a rat model of genotype IV swine hepatitis E virus

Jian

Li²,

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, Genotypes 3 and 4 are the main zoonotic genotype. Due to the lack of mature and effective culture cell lines, researches on genotype IV swine HEV (SHEV‐4) infection and pathogenic mechanism have been carried out in pigs, gerbils and non‐human primate models. Objectives The aim of this study was to establish a rat infection model by intra‐peritoneal infection with SHEV‐4, which provided a new research idea and scientific basis for further revealing the mechanism of HEV infection and preventing HEV infection. Methods SHEV‐4 virus was administered intra‐peritoneally to 6‐ to 8‐week‐old mice to observe the serological changes and virus release. Results According to the results of the rat serum HEV IgG, ALT and AST levels, swine HEV, minus‐strand HEV RNA can infect Sprague–Dawley rats across species, and there are no obvious clinical symptoms after infection. HEV RNA was detected in most tissues and organs after infection, but the viral load was low. The liver had pathological changes of chronic hepatitis. Conclusions We found that the rat model of porcine HEV infection is a small animal model suitable for the study of HEV infection.

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“…HIV-positive patient in Japan. 216 At present, the risk factors for HEV infection among HIV-positive patients are unknown. Several reports from France, [217][218][219] Belgium, 220 Italy, 221,222 the Netherlands, 223 Taiwan, 224 and Spain 225 have demonstrated that HEV endemicity remains low among HIV-positive patients, and that sexual transmission does not seem to be a main route of HEV infection in MSM, unlike HAV.…”

Section: Kitaura Et Al Reported Acute Symptomatic Hev-4 Infection In Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kitaura et al. reported acute symptomatic HEV‐4 infection in an HIV‐positive patient in Japan 216 . At present, the risk factors for HEV infection among HIV‐positive patients are unknown.…”

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in hepatitis E virus research and the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for hepatitis E virus infection

Kanda,

Li,

Takahashi

et al. 2024

Hepatology Research

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Acute hepatitis E was considered rare until reports emerged affirming the existence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 infections in Japan in the early 2000s. Extensive studies by Japanese researchers have highlighted the pivotal role of pigs and wild animals, such as wild boars and deer, as reservoirs for HEV, linking them to zoonotic infections in Japan. Currently, when hepatitis occurs subsequent to the consumption of undercooked or grilled pork, wild boar meat, or offal (including pig liver and intestines), HEV infection should be considered. Following the approval of anti‐HEV immunoglobulin A antibody as a diagnostic tool for hepatitis E by Japan's Health Insurance System in 2011, the annual number of diagnosed cases of HEV infection has surged. Notably, the occurrence of post‐transfusion hepatitis E promoted nationwide screening of blood products for HEV using nucleic acid amplification tests since 2020. Furthermore, chronic hepatitis E has been observed in immunosuppressed individuals. Considering the significance of hepatitis E, heightened preventive measures are essential. The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV) Study Group, which includes special virologists and hepatologists, held a virtual meeting on February 17, 2024. Discussions encompassed pathogenesis, transmission routes, diagnosis, complications, severity factors, and ongoing and prospective vaccination or treatments for hepatitis E. Rigorous assessment of referenced studies culminated in the formulation of recommendations, which are detailed within this review. This comprehensive review presents recent advancements in HEV research and Japanese clinical practice guidelines for HEV infection.

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The First Case Report of Acute Symptomatic HEV Genotype 4 Infection in an HIV-positive Patient in Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Estimating the global prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine and pork products

Estimating the global prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine and pork products

Research on a rat model of genotype IV swine hepatitis E virus

Recent advances in hepatitis E virus research and the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for hepatitis E virus infection

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