The first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant infection with persistent viremia

D’Abramo, Alessandra; Vita, Serena; Colavita, Francesca; Cimini, Eleonora; Haggiag, Shalom; Maffongelli, Gaetano; Valli, Maria Beatrice; Bevilacqua, Nazario; Corpolongo, Angela; Giancola, Maria Letizia; Maggi, Fabrizio; Agrati, Chiara; Nicastri, Emanuele

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.09.011

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…CSF PCR was unavailable for most cases due to a lack of supply. Severe encephalitis/encephalopathy has been reported frequently in children, including neonates with Omicron infection [18–21], and fewer cases were reported in adults [22–24]. Most CSF samples tested negative for the Omicron variant [18, 22–24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In people with encephalitis/encephalopathy, antivirals and corticosteroids were used based on experience and without high-quality evidence [22]. Previous cases also had a successful experience using early combined antiviral therapy or hybrid continuous renal replacement therapy and plasma exchange in critical encephalopathy [24,25]. Neurological-specific treatment needs further assessments.…”

Section: Encephalitis Related To Covid-19 Infection Has Been Broadlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe encephalitis/encephalopathy has been reported frequently in children, including neonates with Omicron infection [18][19][20][21], and fewer cases were reported in adults [22][23][24]. Most CSF samples tested negative for the Omicron variant [18,[22][23][24]. One study compared the risk of encephalitis/encephalopathy when infected with Omicron with parainfluenza virus and influenza virus; interestingly, the risk in Omicron was between parainfluenza virus and influenza virus [19].…”

Section: Encephalitis Related To Covid-19 Infection Has Been Broadlymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological complications during the Omicron COVID‐19 wave in China: A cohort study

Lu,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purposeThe aim was to investigate the neurological complications associated with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) during the 2022 Omicron wave.Methods and analysisThe medical records of a cohort of people admitted to neurological wards of three participating tertiary centres in Sichuan from 12 December 2022 to 12 January 2023 were reviewed. Demographics and clinical data were obtained and analysed with an interest in COVID‐19‐related new‐onset or worse neurological symptoms. The current data were also compared in two centres with similar data from the same period 12 months earlier.ResultsIn all, 790 people were enrolled, of whom 436 were positive for COVID‐19. Ninety‐nine had new onset COVID‐related neurological problems, or their known neurological condition deteriorated during the wave. There was a significant difference in demographics from the findings amongst admissions 12 months earlier as there was an increase in the average age, the incidence of encephalitis and encephalopathy, and mortality rates. One hundred and one received COVID‐specific antivirals, intravenous glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. No differences were seen between these and those who did not use them.ConclusionNew‐onset neurological conditions, particularly encephalitis and encephalopathy, increased significantly during this period. Deterioration of existing neurological conditions, such as seizure exacerbation, was also observed. A large‐scale treatment trial of people with COVID‐19 infection presenting with neurological disorders is still needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Encephalitis Related To Covid-19 Infection Has Been Broadlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Encephalitis Related To Covid-19 Infection Has Been Broadlymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological complications during the Omicron COVID‐19 wave in China: A cohort study

Lu,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Euro J of Neurology

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“…However, the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 multi-organ spread are still unclear because viremia is not a usual outcome of the infection and has been detected in very few severe cases 12 – 14 . As of May 2023, only one severe case with high and persistent SARS-CoV-2 viremia leading to meningitis, probably facilitated by blood–brain barrier (BBB) injury, has been well documented 15 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition

Usai,

Mateu,

Brander

et al. 2023

Lab Anim

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More than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has debilitating effects on the daily life of patients and encompasses a broad spectrum of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms including olfactory and gustative impairment, difficulty with concentration and short-term memory, sleep disorders and depression. Animal models have been instrumental to understand acute COVID-19 and validate prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Similarly, studies post-viral clearance in hamsters, mice and nonhuman primates inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 have been useful to unveil some of the aspects of PCC. Transcriptomic alterations in the central nervous system, persistent activation of immune cells and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis seem to have a critical role in the neurological manifestations observed in animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the proinflammatory transcriptomic profile observed in the central nervous system of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated mice partially overlaps with the pathological changes that affect microglia in humans during Alzheimer’s disease and aging, suggesting shared mechanisms between these conditions. None of the currently available animal models fully replicates PCC in humans; therefore, multiple models, together with the fine-tuning of experimental conditions, will probably be needed to understand the mechanisms of PCC neurological symptoms. Moreover, given that the intrinsic characteristics of the new variants of concern and the immunological status of individuals might influence PCC manifestations, more studies are needed to explore the role of these factors and their combinations in PCC, adding further complexity to the design of experimental models.

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The first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant infection with persistent viremia

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Neurological complications during the Omicron COVID‐19 wave in China: A cohort study

Neurological complications during the Omicron COVID‐19 wave in China: A cohort study

Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition

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