The first case of Janibacter hoylei bacteremia in an adult

Moktan, Varun; Elwasila, Sammer; Umadat, Goyal; Hata, D. Jane; Meza, Diana; Patel, Robin; Libertin, Claudia R.; Brumble, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01339

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Later in 2021, J. hoylei was isolated from a blood sample of a 52-year-old woman with a Clostridioides difficile infection history. Janibacter hoylei requires nine days to grow aerobically in blood culture (Moktan et al, 2021) and this might be the reason behind the failure of hospital microbiology labs to isolate this pathogen from blood. This study was the first to identify Janibacter spp.…”

Section: Molecular Methods For Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficiency of molecular methods compared to traditional methods in identifying bacteria from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples

Khaleel¹,

Faisal²,

Altaii³

2023

MJM

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Aims: This study was aimed to directly diagnose bacterial pathogens from clinical specimens by amplifying and sequencing their 16S rRNA gene compared with traditional methods. Methodology and results: A total of 100 specimens, including blood (50 samples) and cerebrospinal fluid CSF (50 samples) were collected from patients hospitalized in Mosul city hospitals for the period from December 2021 to April 2022. Traditional methods based on cultural characteristics and simple biochemical tests were used to detect pathogens from these samples, as followed by hospital laboratories. Bacterial genomic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was extracted directly from the samples and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was conducted to amplify their 16S rRNA gene using 16S universal primers. PCR products from samples that showed positive results were purified and sent for sequencing. Sequences were compared to counterpart sequences submitted in NCBI to identify the bacterial pathogen. Our results showed that traditional methods for bacterial isolation and identification from CSF detected 5 positive bacterial cultures out of 50 samples tested (10%), while the remaining cultures (90%) did not show any bacterial growth after 7 days of incubation. The 45 negative samples were subjected to molecular identification and it was found that 28/45 (62.2%) successfully amplified 16S rRNA bands indicating the presence of bacterial genomic DNA. Sequencing results showed that the highest prevalent genera in CSF samples were Bacteroides (41.1%), followed by Lactobacillus (17.6%), Pseudomonas (11.7%), Janibacter (11.7%), Achromobacter (11.7%) and Planococcus (5.8%). Traditional methods for bacterial isolation and identification from blood were capable of isolating 2 pathogens from 50 samples tested (4%). When testing the 48 negative samples using molecular methods, 25/48 (52%) successfully amplified 16S rRNA bands. The 16S rRNA sequences belonged to 9 different genera, the most dominant was Pseudomonas (16.6%) and the least dominant was Bacteroides (5.5%). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Our results clearly show the power of molecular diagnosis compared to traditional methods used at hospitals and show the danger of misdiagnosis. The study showed that the molecular approach is much more efficient than the conventional methods in identifying pathogens as it identified new pathogens that were not previously detected.

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Section: Molecular Methods For Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficiency of molecular methods compared to traditional methods in identifying bacteria from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples

Khaleel¹,

Faisal²,

Altaii³

2023

MJM

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Antineoplastics

2022

Reactions Weekly

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Characterization of the skin microbiome in normal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma affected cats and dogs

Bromfield,

Zaugg,

Straw

et al. 2024

mSphere

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Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and actinic keratoses (AK) display microbial dysbiosis with an enrichment of staphylococcal species, which have been implicated in AK and SCC progression. SCCs are common in both felines and canines and are often diagnosed at late stages leading to high disease morbidity and mortality rates. Although recent studies support the involvement of the skin microbiome in AK and SCC progression in humans, there is no knowledge of this in companion animals. Here, we provide microbiome data for SCC in cats and dogs using culture-independent molecular profiling and show a significant decrease in microbial alpha diversity on SCC lesions compared to normal skin ( P ≤ 0.05). Similar to human skin cancer, SCC samples had an elevated abundance of staphylococci relative to normal skin—50% (6/12) had >50% staphylococci, as did 16% (4/25) of perilesional samples. Analysis of Staphylococcus at the species level revealed an enrichment of the pathogenic species Staphylococcus felis in cat SCC samples, a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs, and a higher abundance of Staphylococcus aureus compared to normal skin in both companion animals. Additionally, a comparison of previously published human SCC and perilesional samples against the present pet samples revealed that Staphylococcus was the most prevalent genera across human and companion animals for both sample types. Similarities between the microbial profile of human and cat/dog SCC lesions should facilitate future skin cancer research. IMPORTANCE The progression of precancerous actinic keratosis lesions (AK) to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is poorly understood in humans and companion animals, despite causing a significant burden of disease. Recent studies have revealed that the microbiota may play a significant role in disease progression. Staphylococcus aureus has been found in high abundance on AK and SCC lesions, where it secretes DNA-damaging toxins, which could potentiate tumorigenesis. Currently, a suitable animal model to investigate this relationship is lacking. Thus, we examined the microbiome of cutaneous SCC in pets, revealing similarities to humans, with increased staphylococci and reduced commensals on SCC lesions and peri-lesional skin compared to normal skin. Two genera that were in abundance in SCC samples have also been found in human oral SCC lesions. These findings suggest the potential suitability of pets as a model for studying microbiome-related skin cancer progression.

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The first case of Janibacter hoylei bacteremia in an adult

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

The efficiency of molecular methods compared to traditional methods in identifying bacteria from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples

The efficiency of molecular methods compared to traditional methods in identifying bacteria from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples

Antineoplastics

Characterization of the skin microbiome in normal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma affected cats and dogs

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