The first case of acute HIV and monkeypox coinfection in Latin America

Silva, Mayara Secco Torres; Santos, Desiree Gomes dos; Coutinho, Carolina; Ribeiro, Maria Pia Diniz; Cardoso, Sandra Wagner; Veloso, Valdilea Gonçalves; Grinsztejn, Beatriz

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102736

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is recommended to choose an ART regimen with a high barrier resistance, such as an integrase inhibitor or protease inhibitor, for optimal suppression of HIV viral load. Compared to previous studies on the concurrent infection of MPXV and acute HIV infection ( 6 – 7 ), our patient diagnosed with mpox and acute HIV showed a relatively mild clinical course. After initiating ART for less than a month, the patient demonstrated improved HIV control and immune reconstitution.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…This is the first reported case of concurrent acute viral HIV and mpox coinfection in the Chinese mainland, highlighting the potential of mucosal surfaces as a route of concomitant acquisition of both infections. Similar cases of mpox with a concurrent acute HIV infection have been reported in Latin America, Portugal, and Brazil, where the HIV test results showed positive HIV RNA and positive HIV-1 antigen with a negative anti-HIV 1/2 antibody result ( 6 – 8 ). In an Italian case, mpox and recent HIV infection were diagnosed, and the patient had positive anti-HIV serology ( 9 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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A Case of Acute HIV-1 and Monkeypox Coinfection After Condomless Insertive Anal Sex in the Previous 69 Days — Beijing Municipality, China, August–October, 2023

Jia,

Fang

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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What is already known about this topic? The prevalence of monkeypox (mpox) infections is primarily observed among young men who engage in sexual activities with other men, and there is a possibility of sexual transmission. Co-occurring sexually transmitted infections have also been documented. What is added by this report? In this report, we present a case of a patient in China who was simultaneously diagnosed with mpox, and acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient exhibited symptoms of fever and widespread papules on the trunk, face, and genital area. What are the implications for public health practice? It is crucial for health agencies to prioritize HIV testing when mpox is suspected or diagnosed in individuals with recent engagement in high-risk sexual behavior.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

A Case of Acute HIV-1 and Monkeypox Coinfection After Condomless Insertive Anal Sex in the Previous 69 Days — Beijing Municipality, China, August–October, 2023

Jia,

Fang

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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“… 11 In contrast, the simultaneous acquisition of acute HIV infection and mpox has already been documented on a few occasions. 8 – 10 It has been well-established that local genital factors, such as inflammation and the loss of protective anatomical barriers, can facilitate HIV transmission. 8 , 9 Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that MPXV lesions may also facilitate HIV transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 – 10 It has been well-established that local genital factors, such as inflammation and the loss of protective anatomical barriers, can facilitate HIV transmission. 8 , 9 Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that MPXV lesions may also facilitate HIV transmission. 8 This further emphasises the significance of HIV testing in mpox cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical presentation of monkeypox in patients with different HIV serostatus – two cases from Bulgaria: A case report

Ivanov,

Yancheva,

Valkov

2023

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports

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Monkeypox is an emerging zoonosis that has been declared a public health threat due to its spread outside of endemic areas. We present two cases of monkeypox: one involving a 39-year-old male patient living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy with detectable viraemia and a low CD4 count, and another involving a 44-year-old male, negative for HIV, who visited our Diagnostic and Consultative Unit with a new-onset skin rash. Both individuals identify as men who have sex with men and had travelled abroad before the disease onset. One patient was hospitalised, while the other was treated as an outpatient with follow-up care. Both cases were managed conservatively due to the unavailability of tecovirimat in Bulgaria. We emphasise the importance of recognising and diagnosing monkeypox and the significance of HIV screening, as monkeypox could be considered an AIDS-defining condition in people living with HIV. Maintaining a high level of suspicion for new cases is essential, as instances of monkeypox continue to be reported in non-endemic countries.

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“…MPX cases in the current outbreak differed in clinical characteristics from those previously reported. MPX infection was detected disproportionally higher in bisexuals and men who have sex with men (MSM) with co-existing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) raising concerns about potential sexual transmission of MPX [ 2 ]. MPX is a zoonotic disease, not historically associated with sexual contact; however, contact with skin lesions during sexual activity might be a mode of transmission [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Monkeypox as an Unrecognized Sexually Transmitted Disease: A Rare Case of Monkeypox Infection with HIV and Syphilis Coinfection

Aziz¹,

Saleem²,

Wallach³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Monkeypox (MPX) virus is endemic in Africa. However, since May 2022, many cases have been reported worldwide in many non-endemic regions as well. The virus usually spreads from animals to humans or from humans to humans through respiratory droplets or after contact with infected lesions. In the recent outbreak of MPX, many cases did not have any travel history to endemic areas and were reported in men who have sex with men (MSM) along with the diagnosis of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, MPX is not yet considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), even though a relationship between MPX and other STIs may exist with a possible facilitating action on their spreading. We present a similar case of MPX infection in an MSM patient with concomitant HIV and syphilis infections and no travel history to an endemic area.

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The first case of acute HIV and monkeypox coinfection in Latin America

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

A Case of Acute HIV-1 and Monkeypox Coinfection After Condomless Insertive Anal Sex in the Previous 69 Days — Beijing Municipality, China, August–October, 2023

A Case of Acute HIV-1 and Monkeypox Coinfection After Condomless Insertive Anal Sex in the Previous 69 Days — Beijing Municipality, China, August–October, 2023

Clinical presentation of monkeypox in patients with different HIV serostatus – two cases from Bulgaria: A case report

Evaluation of Monkeypox as an Unrecognized Sexually Transmitted Disease: A Rare Case of Monkeypox Infection with HIV and Syphilis Coinfection

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