The fire whirl phenomenon

Muraszew, A.; Fedele, J.; Kuby, W. C.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(79)90077-4

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Square enclosures with tangential slits have also been used ( Figure 4b); however, they may introduce redundant eddies into the system due to the recirculation zones at the corners . Others have modified the setup by installing blowers or air intake at the base to provide sufficient air into the chamber (Byram & Martin 1962, 1970Muraszew et al 1979) or by using variations with six or more walls , Dobashi et al 2015. Figure 4c shows a schematic of the setup with an air intake at the base.…”

Section: Enclosed Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Whirls

Tohidi

Gollner

Xiao

2018

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Fire whirls present a powerful intensification of combustion, long studied in the fire research community because of the dangers they present during large urban and wildland fires. However, their destructive power has hidden many features of their formation, growth, and propagation. Therefore, most of what is known about fire whirls comes from scale modeling experiments in the laboratory. Both the methods of formation, which are dominated by wind and geometry, and the inner structure of the whirl, including velocity and temperature fields, have been studied at this scale. Quasi-steady fire whirls directly over a fuel source form the bulk of current experimental knowledge, although many other cases exist in nature. The structure of fire whirls has yet to be reliably measured at large scales; however, scaling laws have been relatively successful in modeling the conditions for formation from small to large scales. This review surveys the state of knowledge concerning the fluid dynamics of fire whirls, including the conditions for their formation, their structure, and the mechanisms that control their unique state. We highlight recent discoveries and survey potential avenues for future research, including using the properties of fire whirls for efficient remediation and energy generation.

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Section: Enclosed Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Whirls

Tohidi

Gollner

Xiao

2018

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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“…Thus, the emitted energy from the fire whirl can be expressed as Q is the total heat release rate; E f is the emissive power of the flame at the surface. The radiative heat flux '' q , from the flame to a nearby object is 12 q EF    (6) where E is the effective emissive power of the flame, the product of emissive power and effective emissivity ε f ; τ is the atmospheric transmissivity to thermal radiation; F 12 the geometric view factor between the object and the flame, which is solely a function of the object location, the flame height and diameter. The widely used formula for F 12 from a heat cylinder to a horizontal object is reproduced below [13].…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By analytical means, hydrodynamic equations were usually simplified and applied to seek the fluid mechanical properties of fire whirl (e.g. Byram and Martin [4], Morton [5], and Muraszew et al [6]), but generally without considering its combustion characteristics. Morton [5] especially examined the origin, generation and amplification of concentrated vorticity of fire whirl by analysis of relevant vorticity equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research on Burning Rate, Vertical Velocity and Radiation of Medium-Scale Fire Whirls

Zhou¹,

Liu²,

Satoh³

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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Fire whirls are often reported in forest and urban fires with devastating damage to life and property. This work conducted experiments using a medium-scale facility to study the initiation mechanism, the vertical velocity and radiative heat transfer of fire whirls. Heptane was used as the fuel in the experiments. The variations of burning rates versus time indicate that the drag force on the root of the flame plays an important role in the initiation and decay of a fire whirl. Analyses show that the pressure difference due to whirling, characterized by the circulation  , significantly affects the vertical centerline velocity. The variation of the vertical centerline velocity is correlated by , where m is nearly 1.1 for both fire whirls and general pool fires. It is also found that the radiative fraction of fire whirls is nearly 42 %, 1.4 times as large as that for general pool fires. The radiative heat feedback fraction is shown to increase with pool diameter, similarly as for general pool fires. KEYWORDS: fire whirl, radiation, centerline velocity, burning rate, pool fires. NOMENCLATURE LISTING

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“…Aiming at a property and elucidation of an outbreak factor of fire whirlwind as examples of the pasts for a lesson, investigation and a reproduction experiment of the outbreak situation (Graham, 1955;Emmons & Ying, 1967;Byram & Martin, 1970;Haines & Updike, 1971;Martin et al, 1976;Muraszew et al, 1979;Emori & Saito, 1982;Satoh & Yang, 1996;Hayashi et al, 2003;Liu, 2005;Kuwana et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2007;Kuwana et al, 2008;Chuah et al, 2011), numerical analysis are performed till now (Satoh & Yang, 1997;Battaglia et al, 2000a;Battaglia et al, 2000b;Snegirev et al, 2004;Hassan et al, 2005;Chuah et al, 2007;Grishin, 2007;Grishin et al, 2009). Though various factors are thought about outbreak of a fire whirlwind, such as climatic condition or existence of underground flammable gas, it is hard www.intechopen.com…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Prediction of Fire Whirlwind Outbreak and Scale Effect of Whirlwind Behavior

Sakai¹

2012

Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering - Soil Liquefaction and Seismic Safety of Dams and Monuments

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The fire whirl phenomenon

Cited by 54 publications

References 2 publications

Fire Whirls

Fire Whirls

Experimental Research on Burning Rate, Vertical Velocity and Radiation of Medium-Scale Fire Whirls

Numerical Prediction of Fire Whirlwind Outbreak and Scale Effect of Whirlwind Behavior

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