The fine structure of the maxillary gland of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina: The end-sac

Tyson, Greta E.

doi:10.1007/bf00340363

Cited by 53 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…5 A, c). The interpedi- cellular distance (20-40 nm) varies depending on the fixative used but is in the range (35-40 nm) already reported for various crustaceans (Tyson, 1968;Schmidt-Nielsen et al 1968;Cook, 1973;Peterson & Loizzi, 1974;Icely & Nott, 1979) and for the mammallian glomerulus (24 nm; Latta, 1970). The basement membrane is attached to the pedicels (Fig.…”

Section: Electron Microscopy End Sacmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Although there are some major differences between barnacle excretory organ structure and that found in other crustaceans, one region, the end sac, bears marked similarities to the equivalent region in other crustaceans (Flemister, 1959;Malaczynska-Suchcitz & Ucinski, 1962;Kirschner & Wagner, 1965;Schmidt-Nielsen et al 1968;Tyson, 1968Cook, 1973Peterson & Loizzi, 1973, 1974Icely & Nott, 1979), as well as to the vertebrate glomerulus. The striking similarity of such cells within animals of differing phylogeny indicates that the basic mechanism of primary urine formation is likely to be similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the diversity within the Crustacea the paired excretory organs always consist of three regions -the end sac, excretory canal and short exit duct which opens to the exterior via a pore (Goodrich, 1945). In the branchiopod Anemia salina (Tyson, 1968(Tyson, , 1969 and the amphipod Corophium volutator (Icely & Nott, 1979) the excretory canal is simply a coiled or looped tubular structure, but in decapods the distal region is formed into a large, thin-walled bladder (Marchal, 1892;Peters, 1935;Maluf, 1939;Schmidt-Nielsen, Gertz & Davis, 1968). Further specialization of the excretory canal in freshwater crayfish has resulted in the loss of the tubular form of the proximal part by anastomization of the wall forming a labyrinthine region (Peters, 1935;Maluf, 1939;Peterson & Loizzi, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The barnacle excretory organ

White¹,

Walker²

1981

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The paired excretory organs or maxillary glands of the adult barnacles, Balanus balanoides and Balanus hameri, lie within the posterior part of the body below and to either side of the foregut. Each organ has an end sac linked to an efferent duct via a valve. The sac-shaped efferent duct connects with a relatively short terminal duct, opening out at the base of the second maxilla. The end sac consists of podocytelike cells having marked morphological and cytochemical similarities to the equivalent region of other Crustacea and to the vertebrate glomerulus. The main cells of the valve contain extensive apical secretion. They rest upon a series of modified end-sac cells projecting into the efferent duct. The efferent duct is composed of a uniform flattened epithelium which is cytochemically unreactive. The cells are lined by a short microvillous border, below which is a series of tubules which appear to be invaginations of the apical membrane. The morphology of efferent duct cells is not indicative of a highly active solute reabsorptive epithelium, but secretion of membrane-bound bodies into the efferent duct lumen was observed. The terminal duct is a relatively short, cuticle-lined ectodermal infolding. The parenchyma cells surrounding the efferent duct exhibit a marked affinity for certain dyes when injected into the haemolymph, indicative of a possible role in the elimination of material. The excretory organ is surrounded by a network of elastic fibres and is suspended within the body by strands of connective tissue and a complex series of tendon-muscle connexions. The end sac is well supplied with haemolymph from the scutal sinus but the supply to the efferent duct is more restricted.

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Section: Electron Microscopy End Sacmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The barnacle excretory organ

White¹,

Walker²

1981

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…Since the studies of Sjostrand and Rhodin [34] and Pease [28,29], it is now gen erally accepted that many cells which engage in intensive transport activity have exten sively infolded plasma membranes which are intimately associated with mitochondria. These specializations, which are found in iso pod hindgut cells, are very evident in the anal papillae of the mosquito larvae [5], in maxil lary and green glands of crustaceans [32,39], the rectal papillae of the blowfly Calliphora [15], the mammalian kidney proximal tubule [34] and the gallbladder epithelium [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function-Related Structural Characters and Their Modifications in the Hindgut Epithelium of Two Terrestrial Isopods, <i>Armadillidium vulgare </i>and <i>Oniscus asellus</i>

Coruzzi¹,

Witkus²,

Vernon³

1982

Pathobiology

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Intercellular junctions of the hindgut epithelial cells of two terrestrial isopods, Armadillidium vulgare and Oniscus asellus, are described. Long septate desmosomes occupy the subluminal region while gap junctions, zonulae adherens and intercellular spaces characterize the remainder of the convoluted lateral cell borders. The specialized junctional complexes and the ultrastructural morphology of the cells indicate that the terrestrial isopod hindgut epithelium functions in transport. Using mitochondrial morphometry as an indicator of cell transport activity, it appears that the posterior hindgut of A. vulgare also participates in osmoregulation, which is not the case with O. asellus. With increased desiccation there develops a significant difference between the mitochondrial structure of the two species. The mitochondria of the former retain the active structural condition (intermediate condensed conformation) while those of the latter become swollen and damaged.

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“…In their earliest functional stage, the sacculi of A. salina strikingly resemble the end sac of the antennal gland in adult mystacocarids, in which the lumen of the sacculus likewise is largely composed of a network of minute spaces beneath the pedicels that merge into a minimal central cavity (Hessler and Elofsson 2007). In the adult stage (see Tyson 1968), the maxillary sacculi of A. salina seem to diVer only in the enormously enlarged size of the central lumen, while the network of minute spaces beneath the podocytes is maintained. Hessler and Elofsson (2007) considered neoteny as an explanation for the maintenance of antennal glands in adult mystacocarids.…”

Section: Homology Of Segmental Coelomic Organsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nephridial development and body cavity formation in Artemia salina (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): no evidence for any transitory coelom

2009

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The Ecdysozoa-hypothesis on the origin of arthropods questions the homology of segmentation in arthropods, onychophorans, and annelids. The implication of convergent gain of metamery in these groups seems to conXict particularly with the correspondence in the development of serial coelomic cavities and metanephridia. Ultrastructural studies of the mesoderm development in Onychophora revealed that main correspondence with the state in annelids concerns the involvement of epithelial lining cells of the embryonic coelomic cavities in the formation of the visceral and somatic musculature. The signiWcance of this correspondence, however, remained unclear as comparable data on the state in arthropods were still missing. Developmental studies on selected representatives covering all major arthropod subgroups aim to Wll in this gap. Data were raised by a combination of transmission electron microscopy and Xuorescent stainings of the muscular system and nuclei for the anostracan crustacean Artemia salina. In this species, putative transitory coelomic cavities proved to be absent in all trunk segments. In the second antennal and second maxillary segments small, compact nephridial anlagen develop into a sacculus and excretory duct. The sacculus originates from the terminal cells of the nephridial duct, which is formed in advance. The lumen of the sacculus is inconspicuous in its earliest functional stage and later enlarges to a bulb; it accordingly represents no remnant of any primarily large coelomic cavity. The muscular system is entirely formed prior to and independent of coelomic or nephridial anlagen. Visceral and somatic mesoderm already separate in the caudal body region. Transitory segmental clusters of mesodermal cells are composed of somatic cells only and accordingly represent no "somites". Our observations overall do not provide any support for the homology of coelomic cavities in annelids and arthropods.

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The fine structure of the maxillary gland of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina: The end-sac

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

The barnacle excretory organ

The barnacle excretory organ

Function-Related Structural Characters and Their Modifications in the Hindgut Epithelium of Two Terrestrial Isopods, <i>Armadillidium vulgare </i>and <i>Oniscus asellus</i>

Nephridial development and body cavity formation in Artemia salina (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): no evidence for any transitory coelom

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