The fine structure of the Golgi tendon organ

Schoultz, Ture W.; Swett, John E.

doi:10.1007/bf01098642

Cited by 124 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A thick myelinated nerve fibre, before or after penetrating the capsule, sends out several myelinated branches. General ultrastructural features of the GTO in the cat tail are comparable (unpublished observation) to those in cat hind limb muscles (Bridgman, 1968;Schoultz & Swett, 1972).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…4 between impulse frequency and stress and between strain and stress are approximately linear, and the slopes of these lines give S, the static sensitivity to incremental stress, and 1/ Y, the inverse of the elastic (Young's) modulus, respectively: Y. FUKAMI AND R. S. WILKINSON deformation and consequent generation of receptor potential in the sensory ending and, finally, the impulse initiation in the afferent nerve. In isolated GTOs, the applied force is presumably transmitted to the sensory ending through collagen bundles, capsule cells, and Schwann cells surrounding some of the sensory endings (Merrillees, 1962;Bridgman, 1968;Schoultz & Swett, 1972 ). Maximum physiological muscle forces in humans produce tendon strains of approximately 5 %/ (Harkness, 1968).…”

Section: Impul8ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of isolated Golgi tendon organs of the cat.

Fukami¹,

Wilkinson²

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The responses to stretch have been studied in living, isolated Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) from tail muscles of cat. Experiments were performed in vitro and consisted of subjecting single GTOs to controlled ramp-and-hold stretch while recording the response from their sensory axons raised in oil.2. The threshold force required for sustained afferent discharge was measured directly, and found to be between 8 and 170 dynes at 240 C for nine GTOs tested. Beyond threshold, the discharge frequency is approximately proportional to applied static tension over a wide range. Sensitivity to tension varies among different GTOs and appears to be inversely correlated with mechanical stiffness.3. With impulse activity blocked by tetrodotoxin, graded receptor potentials could be recorded whose amplitude varied in proportion to applied static tension. All GTOs examined showed in addition a dynamic response, which became larger with increasing velocity of ramp stretch. This dynamic sensitivity appears in the receptor potential and is then augmented by an apparent accommodative process at the impulse initiating site.4. Based on the above findings, possible mechanical models are discussed for the sensory transduction mechanism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Impul8ementioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of isolated Golgi tendon organs of the cat.

Fukami¹,

Wilkinson²

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The general morphology of a n avian tendon organ is not markedly different from that found in mammalian species (Merrillees, 1962;Bridgman, 1968Bridgman, , 1970Schoultz and Swett, 1972;Zelena and Soukup, 1983;Spielmann and Stauffer, 1986). Basically, it consists of collagen bundles and nerve fibers enclosed in a fusiform connective-tissue capsule.…”

Section: Intermuscular Tendonsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Connective‐tissue macromolecules in Golgi chicken tendon organs and at their interface with muscle fibers and adjoining tendinous structures

Maier¹,

Mayne²

1990

Am. J. Anat.

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Tendon organs from leg and forearm muscles of white leghorn chickens were examined with a library of monoclonal antibodies to determine the composition of their connective-tissue framework and the types of connective-tissue macromolecules that occur at the sites where muscle fibers attach to the receptors. The capsules of the tendon organs were positive for connective-tissue macromolecules typical of basal lamina (collagen type IV, laminin, and heparin sulfate proteoglycan) and for tenascin, collagen types III and VI, and fibronectin. Connective-tissue bundles in the lumen of a receptor reacted primarily with antibodies against collagen type I and 4-chondroitin sulfate. The narrow partitions that divide each lumen into compartments stained for collagen type III. Toward its tendinous end, a receptor made few contacts with muscle fibers. Instead, the capsule and the collagenous bundles blended gradually with the intermuscular portions of tendons. At the muscular end, the connections were more complex. Muscle fibers that attached in series to tendon organs split to produce basal lamina-covered, finger-like extensions, which were separated from each other by fissures. Tongues of connective tissue containing tenascin, collagen types I and VI, and fibronectin extended into the fissures. Distally the tongues were continuous with the tenascin in the capsule and just internal to the capsule, fibronectin and basal lamina macromolecules in the capsule, and collagen type I in the collagenous bundles. The uninterrupted presence of these macromolecules around terminating muscle fibers and in the capsule and/or the intraluminal collagen bundles suggests that muscle fibers that attach in series at the muscular end exert a force during muscular contraction on the intraluminal collagen bundles and on the receptor capsule.

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“…The structure of Ruffini SNF is quite identical with those of "Golgi tendon organ," Golgi SNF (Schoultz and Swett, 1972;Sklenskii, 1973). However, between Ruffini SNF and glomerular corpuscles there is a great difference in the accumulation of Schwann cells in glomerular corpuscles (Fig.…”

Section: The Ruffini Sensory Nerve Formation Its Definitionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Sensory nerve formations in the skin and their classification

Malinovský

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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The fine structure of the Golgi tendon organ

Cited by 124 publications

References 25 publications

Responses of isolated Golgi tendon organs of the cat.

Responses of isolated Golgi tendon organs of the cat.

Connective‐tissue macromolecules in Golgi chicken tendon organs and at their interface with muscle fibers and adjoining tendinous structures

Sensory nerve formations in the skin and their classification

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