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Adrenals of ten mature male rhesus monkeys were studied by electron microscopy.Mitochondria had lamelliform cristae in the zona glomerulosa and tubular cristae in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Agranular reticulum of tubular form was scarce in the zona glomerulosa but present in great abundance in the fasciculata and reticularis. The Golgi complex was prominent in the cells of the zona glomerulosa but poorly developed in the cells of the inner cortical zones.Zona fasciculata cells contained large, highly ordered "stacks" of granular endoplasmic reticulum which showed multiple connections with the random network of tubular agranular reticulum. In the reticularis, granular endoplasmic reticulum was present in more disordered, whorl-like arrays.Lipid droplets in the inner cortical regions were enveloped by tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Occasional sections showed these tubules ending blindly at or near the surface of the lipid droplets. This association was strongly suggestive of a functional relationship.Dense bodies varied in size and complexity of structure throughout the cortex. They were smallest and simplest in form in the zona glomerulosa; those in the zona reticularis were the largest and most complex.The adrenal cortex of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) has not been examined previously by electron microscopy. Reports have been published on the electron microscopy of the following animals: the frog (Burgos, '59), the garter snake (Sheridan, '63), the brown pelican (Sheridan et al., '63; Belt et al., '66), the alligator and sea gull (Harrison, '66), the domestic fowl (Fujita, '61), the guinea pig (Sheridan and Belt, '64), the opossum (Long and Jones, '66), the rabbit (Cotte et al., '63), the hamster (Yates, '65; Fawcett, '66), the mouse (Zelander, '59), the rat (Lever, '55; Sabatini and DeRobertis, '61; Sabatini et al., '62; Yamori et al., '61; Giacomelli et al., '65), and man (Ross et al., '58; Carr, '61). Considerable species differences have been reported in mitochondrial structure, the form of the agranular reticulum, the amount and distribution of the granular reticulum, the characteristics of the lipid droplets and the distribution of so-called dense bodies.The purpose of this report is to describe the fine structure of the adrenal cortex of adult male rhesus monkeys, and to compare the findings with those in other species.AM. J. ANAT., 119: 429-454. MATERIALS AND METHODSTen mature male monkeys ranging in weight from 8 to 14 kg were sacrificed according to a standard procedure. Each autopsy was performed between 9 : 00 a.m. and 1 1 : O O a.m. The animal was held immobile in a squeeze cage and Sernylan (Phencyclidine hydrochloride, ParkeDavis) was injected intramuscularly at a dose rate of 2 mgs per kg 5 to 15 minutes before the scheduled autopsy time. The abdomen was opened, the abdominal aorta was catheterized and 25-50 cc of blood were withdrawn for clinical test. The adrenals were removed, halved and placed directly into fixative, the composition of which was: 0....
Adrenals of ten mature male rhesus monkeys were studied by electron microscopy.Mitochondria had lamelliform cristae in the zona glomerulosa and tubular cristae in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Agranular reticulum of tubular form was scarce in the zona glomerulosa but present in great abundance in the fasciculata and reticularis. The Golgi complex was prominent in the cells of the zona glomerulosa but poorly developed in the cells of the inner cortical zones.Zona fasciculata cells contained large, highly ordered "stacks" of granular endoplasmic reticulum which showed multiple connections with the random network of tubular agranular reticulum. In the reticularis, granular endoplasmic reticulum was present in more disordered, whorl-like arrays.Lipid droplets in the inner cortical regions were enveloped by tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Occasional sections showed these tubules ending blindly at or near the surface of the lipid droplets. This association was strongly suggestive of a functional relationship.Dense bodies varied in size and complexity of structure throughout the cortex. They were smallest and simplest in form in the zona glomerulosa; those in the zona reticularis were the largest and most complex.The adrenal cortex of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) has not been examined previously by electron microscopy. Reports have been published on the electron microscopy of the following animals: the frog (Burgos, '59), the garter snake (Sheridan, '63), the brown pelican (Sheridan et al., '63; Belt et al., '66), the alligator and sea gull (Harrison, '66), the domestic fowl (Fujita, '61), the guinea pig (Sheridan and Belt, '64), the opossum (Long and Jones, '66), the rabbit (Cotte et al., '63), the hamster (Yates, '65; Fawcett, '66), the mouse (Zelander, '59), the rat (Lever, '55; Sabatini and DeRobertis, '61; Sabatini et al., '62; Yamori et al., '61; Giacomelli et al., '65), and man (Ross et al., '58; Carr, '61). Considerable species differences have been reported in mitochondrial structure, the form of the agranular reticulum, the amount and distribution of the granular reticulum, the characteristics of the lipid droplets and the distribution of so-called dense bodies.The purpose of this report is to describe the fine structure of the adrenal cortex of adult male rhesus monkeys, and to compare the findings with those in other species.AM. J. ANAT., 119: 429-454. MATERIALS AND METHODSTen mature male monkeys ranging in weight from 8 to 14 kg were sacrificed according to a standard procedure. Each autopsy was performed between 9 : 00 a.m. and 1 1 : O O a.m. The animal was held immobile in a squeeze cage and Sernylan (Phencyclidine hydrochloride, ParkeDavis) was injected intramuscularly at a dose rate of 2 mgs per kg 5 to 15 minutes before the scheduled autopsy time. The abdomen was opened, the abdominal aorta was catheterized and 25-50 cc of blood were withdrawn for clinical test. The adrenals were removed, halved and placed directly into fixative, the composition of which was: 0....
The adrenal cortex of the male guinea pig has been examined with the electron microscope. Many of the cells of the zona glomerulosa possessed bizarreshaped nuclei with frequent cytoplasmic invaginations. The internal structure of the mitochondria was entirely cristaform, the cristae being spaced at reasonably regular intervals. A rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was present in this zone only. The outer fasciculata showed an abundance of lipid in droplet form. The mitochondrial internal structure of this zone was predominantly cristaform, but the cristae were aggregated in clumps instead of being evenly spaced. Smooth-surfaced cytoplasmic vacuoles were frequent. The inner fasciculata and the reticularis were generally similar. They differed from the above zones in that little lipid was present in droplet form and by the presence of a profusion of smooth-surfaced cytoplasmic vacuoles which were interpreted as being homologous with the agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria of the inner fasciculata were irregular in shape, while those of the reticularis were larger and more regular. In all zones of the cortex, the vascular channels were lined with an endothelium separated from the parenchymal cell by a space which was frequently seen to contain fibrils as well as fibroblast-like cells.
Adrenal glands of the domestic duck (Anus platyrhynchos) were fixed in formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde for light and electron microscopical examination. Each gland is encapsulated by a layer of connective tissue and consists of two major secretory cell types, the interrenal cells and the medullary cells. In section, the medullary cells appear as islands of tissue dispersed throughout the gland. The interrenal cells are characterized by numerous lipid droplets and abundant mitochondria having mainly tubular cristae. They have an extensive Golgi apparatus, moderate amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a lesser amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Lipid droplets and mitochondria in interrenal cells were seen frequently in association with the endoplasmic reticulum. Adjacent interrenal cells had numerous regions of pentalaminar fusion and intermediate junctions.Medullary cells were characterized by a large population of electron opaque neurosecretory granules. These cells contained fewer mitochondria and cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum than the interrenal cells. In many cases the medullary cells and interrenal cells were closely juxtaposed and were separated by a thin band of extracellular matrix.
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