The fine structure of prostomial photoreceptors in Eulalia viridis (Polychaeta; Annelida)

Whittle, A.C.; Golding, D. W.

doi:10.1007/bf00223733

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Interestingly, in the sublittoral sibling species with pelagic larvae eyes are absent in early trochophores but appear in a corresponding position in metatrochophores (Plate and Husemann, 1991). Therefore, the probability increases that the pigmented eyes represent reduced adult eyes occurring in many Phyllodocida such as in Eulalia viridis, Eteone longa, Anaitides mucosa, Platynereis dumerilii und Arctonoe vittata (Fischer and Bröckelmann, 1966;Whittle and Golding, 1974;Singla, 1975;Rhode, 1991).…”

Section: Pigmented Eyesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Arranged with lenses these eyes are everse in design and a lens usually formed by the pigmented supportive cells may be present in Phyllodocida (Fischer and Bröckelmann, 1966;Whittle and Golding, 1974;Singla, 1975;Rhode, 1991Rhode, , 1992Purschke et al, 2006;Suschenko and Purschke, 2009). Even though no lens was found in the pigmented eyes of S. armiger, the unpigmented supportive cell could either be a ''lens-like'' structure which is secondarily simplified or, more likely, a corneal cell.…”

Section: Pigmented Eyesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Pigmented eyes, photoreceptor‐like sense organs and central nervous system in the polychaete Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae, Annelida) and their phylogenetic importance

Wilkens

Purschke

2009

Journal of Morphology

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The phylogenetic position of Orbiniidae within Annelida is unresolved. Conflicting hypotheses place them either in a basal taxon Scolecida, close to Spionida, or in a basal position in Aciculata. Because Aciculata have a specific type of eye, the photoreceptive organs in the orbiniid Scoloplos armiger were investigated to test these phylogenetic hypotheses. Two different types of prostomial photoreceptor-like sense organs were found in juveniles and one additional in subadults. In juveniles there are four ciliary photoreceptor-like phaosomes with unbranched cilia and two pigmented eyes. The paired pigmented eyes lie beside the brain above the circumoesophageal connectives. Each consists of one pigmented cell, one unpigmented supportive cell and three everse rhabdomeric sensory cells with vestigial cilia. During development the number of phaosomes increases considerably and numerous unpigmented sense organs appear consisting of one rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell and one supportive cell. The development and morphology of the pigmented eyes of S. armiger suggest that they represent miniaturized eyes of the phyllodocidan type of adult eye rather than persisting larval eyes resulting in small inverse eyes typical of Scolecida. Moreover, the structure of the brain indicates a loss of the palps. Hence, a closer relationship of Orbiniidae to Phyllodocida is indicated. Due to a still extensive lack of ultrastructural data among polychaetes this conclusion cannot be corroborated by considering the structure of the unpigmented ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptor-like sense organs.

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Section: Pigmented Eyesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Pigmented Eyesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pigmented eyes, photoreceptor‐like sense organs and central nervous system in the polychaete Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae, Annelida) and their phylogenetic importance

Wilkens

Purschke

2009

Journal of Morphology

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“…Such ocelli have been observed in the brain or prostomium of Ophelia rathkei, Armandia brevis, Armandia polyophthalma, Polyophthalmus pictus, Saccocirrus krusadensis, Heteromastus filiformis, Pygospio elegans, Scolelepis squamata, Eteone longa, Phyllodoce mucosa, Nephtys caeca, Eulalia viridis, and Microphthalmus spp. (see Hermans & Cloney, 1966;Zahid & Golding, 1974;Whittle & Golding, 1974;Pietsch & Westheide, 1985;Schlo¨tzer-Schrehardt, 1987;Rhode, 1991;Purschke, 1992Purschke, , 2003Bartolomaeus, 1993). There may only be a pair or a few ocelli of this type in individuals of a given species, but in P. pictus and in A. polyophthalma there are about 70 or 50, respectively.…”

Section: Unpigmented Ocellimentioning

confidence: 94%

Sense organs in polychaetes (Annelida)

Purschke

2005

Hydrobiologia

151

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Polychaetes possess a wide range of sensory structures. These form sense organs of several kinds, including the appendages of the head region (palps, antennae, tentacular cirri), the appendages of the trunk region and pygidium (parapodial and pygidial cirri), the nuchal organs, the dorsal organs, the lateral organs, the eyes, the photoreceptor-like sense organs, the statocysts, various kinds of pharyngeal papillae as well as structurally peculiar sensory organs of still unknown function and the apical organs of trochophore larvae. Moreover, isolated or clustered sensory cells not obviously associated with other cell types are distributed all over the body. Whereas nuchal organs are typical for polychaetes and are lacking only in a few species, all other kinds of sensory organs are restricted to certain groups of taxa or species. Some have only been described in single species till now. Sensory cells are generally bipolar sensory cells and their cell bodies are either located peripherally within the epidermis or within the central nervous system. These sensory cells are usually ciliated and different types can be disinguished. Structure, function and phylogenetic importance of the sensory structures observed in polychaetes so far are reviewed. For evaluation of the relationships of the higher taxa in Annelida palps, nuchal organs and pigmented ocelli appear to be of special importance.

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“…Adults of the phyllodicds Eulalia viridis (Linné, 1767), Eteone longa (Fabricius, 1780), A. mucosa Malmgren, 1865 and several Microphthalmus species are known to possess internal prostomial ciliary organs (Whittle and Golding 1974;Pietsch and Westheide 1985;Rhode 1991). The organs occur in varying numbers and on diVerent positions, but their structure is similar to that of the larval ciliary organs of P. dumerilii.…”

Section: Ciliary Photoreceptors and Presumptive Light Sensitive Organmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ultrastructure of presumptive light sensitive ciliary organs in larvae of Poecilochaetidae, Trochochaetidae, Spionidae, Magelonidae (Annelida) and its phylogenetic significance

Hausen

2007

Zoomorphology

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Larvae of Poecilochaetus serpens, Trochochaeta multisetosum and Polydora ciliata possess almost identical unpigmented, ciliary, presumptive light sensitive organs within the prostomium. The data corroborate hypotheses on the close relationship of Poecilochaetidae, Trochochaetidae and Spionidae and are even congruent with inclusion of Poecilochaetidae and Trochochaetidae within Spionidae. The organs in P. serpens, T. multisetosum and P. ciliata are composed of one monociliary receptor cell, one supportive cell and several associated Xask shaped bipolar sensory cells. The receptor cell cilium enters the supportive cell cavity through a thin pore, dilates and then branches into a high number of disordered projections. The associated sensory cells bear one or occasionally two cilia, which run horizontally beneath or within the cuticle. The supportive cell cavity is not sealed by any cell contact from the subcuticular extracellular space. The organs in Magelona mirabilis are composed of a single supportive cell, but several receptor cells. No further sensory cells are associated. Each receptor cell sends one cilium into an own invagination of the supportive cell, and the ciliary branches are highly ordered. The examined organs in P. serpens, T. multisetosum and P. ciliata exhibit a unique organization amongst polychaetes. The organs of M. mirabilis are most probably homologous. A homology to ciliary organs of Protodrilida is conceivable. In the lineage leading to Protodrilida, primary larval organs may have been integrated into the adult body organization by heterochrony.

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The fine structure of prostomial photoreceptors in Eulalia viridis (Polychaeta; Annelida)

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Pigmented eyes, photoreceptor‐like sense organs and central nervous system in the polychaete Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae, Annelida) and their phylogenetic importance

Pigmented eyes, photoreceptor‐like sense organs and central nervous system in the polychaete Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae, Annelida) and their phylogenetic importance

Sense organs in polychaetes (Annelida)

Ultrastructure of presumptive light sensitive ciliary organs in larvae of Poecilochaetidae, Trochochaetidae, Spionidae, Magelonidae (Annelida) and its phylogenetic significance

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