The fine structure of micrococcus radiodurans

Thornley, Margaret J.; Horne, R.W.; Glauert, Audrey M.

doi:10.1007/bf00408143

Cited by 80 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although the cell envelope of D. radiodurans is reminiscent of the cell walls of gram-negative organisms (32,61,208,221), Deinococcus often stains gram positive; this may result from the inability of its thick peptidoglycan layer to decolorize. Its cell envelope consists of the plasma and outer membranes, which are separated by a 14-to 20-nm peptidoglycan layer and an uncharacterized "compartmentalized layer."…”

Section: Cell Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of the Extremely Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans Viewed from the Perspective of Comparative Genomics

Makarova

Aravind

Wolf

et al. 2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

646

612

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The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans shows remarkable resistance to a range of damage caused by ionizing radiation, desiccation, UV radiation, oxidizing agents, and electrophilic mutagens. D. radiodurans is best known for its extreme resistance to ionizing radiation; not only can it grow continuously in the presence of chronic radiation (6 kilorads/h), but also it can survive acute exposures to gamma radiation exceeding 1,500 kilorads without dying or undergoing induced mutation. These characteristics were the impetus for sequencing the genome of D. radiodurans and the ongoing development of its use for bioremediation of radioactive wastes. Although it is known that these multiple resistance phenotypes stem from efficient DNA repair processes, the mechanisms underlying these extraordinary repair capabilities remain poorly understood. In this work we present an extensive comparative sequence analysis of the Deinococcus genome. Deinococcus is the first representative with a completely sequenced genome from a distinct bacterial lineage of extremophiles, the Thermus-Deinococcus group. Phylogenetic tree analysis, combined with the identification of several synapomorphies between Thermus and Deinococcus, supports the hypothesis that it is an ancient group with no clear affinities to any of the other known bacterial lineages. Distinctive features of the Deinococcus genome as well as features shared with other free-living bacteria were revealed by comparison of its proteome to the collection of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins. Analysis of paralogs in Deinococcus has revealed several unique protein families. In addition, specific expansions of several other families including phosphatases, proteases, acyltransferases, and Nudix family pyrophosphohydrolases were detected. Genes that potentially affect DNA repair and recombination and stress responses were investigated in detail. Some proteins appear to have been horizontally transferred from eukaryotes and are not present in other bacteria. For example, three proteins homologous to plant desiccation resistance proteins were identified, and these are particularly interesting because of the correlation between desiccation and radiation resistance. Compared to other bacteria, the D. radiodurans genome is enriched in repetitive sequences, namely, IS-like transposons and small intergenic repeats. In combination, these observations suggest that several different biological mechanisms contribute to the multiple DNA repair-dependent phenotypes of this organism

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Section: Cell Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of the Extremely Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans Viewed from the Perspective of Comparative Genomics

Makarova

Aravind

Wolf

et al. 2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

646

612

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“…Ever since its isolation this organism has served as a dynamic model for studies in mechanisms of radio resistance in bacteria. The radio resistance of M. radiodurans has been postulated to be due to pigmentation (Moseley, 1963 ;Krabbenhoft, Anderson & Elliker, 1967), the presence of rnercaptoalkylamine (Anderson et al 1g5g), intracellular radio-protective compounds (Bruce, 1964), the ultrafine structure of the cell wall (Thornley, Horne & Glauert, 1965) and to fatty-acid composition (Lewis, 1965). However, the work of Setlow & Duggan (1964) and more recently of Moseley & Laser (1965) implies that the high radio resistance of M .…”

Section: Micrococcus Radiodurans Isolated Originally By Anderson Et mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on a Radio-resistant Coccus Isolated from Bombay Duck (Harpodon nehereus)

Lewis

1971

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYAn extremely radio-resistant orange-red pigmented Micrococcus sp. was isolated from irradiated Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus). The organism was a Grampositive vegetative tetracoccus, catalase-positive, sensitive to heat and nonpathogenic. It differed from M . radiodurans by being smaller in size, salt-tolerant, hydrolysing gelatin very slowly, and much more resistant to gamma radiation. The radiation survival curve of the new coccus was sigmoidal, punctuated with a very large shoulder extending beyond 1.5 Mrad.

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“…On the basis of the distinct playlogenetic position of the Deinococcus lineage and a set of 16s rDNA signature nucleotides, the order Deinococcules ord. nov. is described.The extreme radiation resistance (l), unusual cell wall structure (21,22,27,34), and lack of phylogenetic relationship to the gram-positive bacteria (25) of "Micrococcus radiodurans" were the stimuli for a polyphasic study of 55 strains of redpigmented micrococci performed by Brooks et al (3). The results obtained provided the basis for the subsequent description of the genus Deinococcus (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Diversity of the Deinococci as Determined by 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Comparison

Rainey

Nobre

Schümann

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

130

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16s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were determined for the five species of the genus Deinococcus (Deinococcus erythromym, Deinococcus proteolyticus, Deinococcus rudioduruns, Deinococcus radiophilus, and Deinococcus radiopugnuns) and the single species of the genus Deinobucter (Deinobucter grandis). With the exception of Deinococcus erythromyxa, the deinococci form a coherent phylogenetic cluster which is related to the Themus-Meiothemus lineage. An analysis of the 16s rDNA sequence of Deinococcus erythromyxa revealed that this organism is an actinomycete and a member of the genus Kocuriu. Deinobucter grandis falls within the radiation of the genus Deinococcus and phylogenetically can be considered a member of this genus. The results of the phylogenetic analyses are consistent with chemotaxonomic data. On the basis of our data, Deinobacter grandis is transferred to the genus Deinococcus as Deinococcus grandis comb. nov., the description of the genus Deinococcus is emended accordingly, and Deinococcus erythromyxa is transferred to the genus Kocuriu as Kocuriu erythromym comb. nov. The description of the family Deinococcuceae is emended to include organisms with rod-shaped cells, and a set of 16s rDNA signature nucleotides is designated for this group. On the basis of the distinct playlogenetic position of the Deinococcus lineage and a set of 16s rDNA signature nucleotides, the order Deinococcules ord. nov. is described.The extreme radiation resistance (l), unusual cell wall structure (21,22,27,34), and lack of phylogenetic relationship to the gram-positive bacteria (25) of "Micrococcus radiodurans" were the stimuli for a polyphasic study of 55 strains of redpigmented micrococci performed by Brooks et al. (3). The results obtained provided the basis for the subsequent description of the genus Deinococcus (2). The genus Deinococcus was described for "Micrococcus radiodurans" and other radiationresistant cocci (2), and the following five species were placed in the new genus: Deinococcus evthromyxa, Deinococcus proteolyticus, Deinococcus radiodurans, Deinococcus radiophilus, and Deilzococcus radiopugnans (2). The genus Deinococcus was differentiated from the genus Micrococcus and other genera of gram-positive cocci on the basis of its layered cell wall, the presence of L-ornithine in its peptidoglycan, its lack of teichoic acids, the presence of palmitoleate as its predominant fatty acid, and its resistance to gamma and UV radiation (2). The family Deinococcaceae was also described with the genus Deinococcus as the type genus (2).On the basis of phylogenetic and taxonomic data, another genus, the genus Deinobacter, was described and added to the family Deinococcaceae (16). Although the chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data indicated that Deinobacter grandis and the members of the genus Deinococcus are closely related, a new genus was created on the basis of the rod-shaped morphology of the new isolate (16).16s rRNA catalog comparisons have revealed that the deinococci represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage of eubact...

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The fine structure of micrococcus radiodurans

Cited by 80 publications

References 18 publications

Genome of the Extremely Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans Viewed from the Perspective of Comparative Genomics

Genome of the Extremely Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans Viewed from the Perspective of Comparative Genomics

Studies on a Radio-resistant Coccus Isolated from Bombay Duck (Harpodon nehereus)

Phylogenetic Diversity of the Deinococci as Determined by 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Comparison

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