“…Since the extraocular muscles often differ from other skeletal muscles with respect to their struc ture and their contractile abilities, they have served as a subject of numerous both phy siological and structural studies. Among the latter, the literature concerned with extra ocular muscles in mammals is most exten sive [Hess, 1961;Zenker and Anzenbacher, 1964;Cheng and Breinin, 1966;Mukuno, 1966;Peachey, 1968;Cheng-Minoda et al, 1968;Mukuno, 1968Mukuno, , 1969Kaczmarski, 1970a;Nag and Peachey, 1972], although representatives of other vertebrate groups have also been investigated [Kilarski and Bigaj, 1969;Kaczmarski, 1969Kaczmarski, , 1970bAlvarado-Mallart, 1972;Maierel al., 1972;Kordylewski, 1974;Witaliñski and Loesch, 1975]. There is, however, no information concerning extraocular muscles in the oldest and most primitive group of the contempor ary vertebrates, i.e.…”