The Fine Structure of Cellulose Microfibrils

Frey‐Wyssling, A.

doi:10.1126/science.119.3081.80

Cited by 200 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Frey-Wyssling (1954) reported crystallinities of 57 and 59% for the cellulose in primary cell walls of roots and coleoptiles of corn (Z. mays) and described these crystallinities as "astonishingly poor." Cherno et al (1982) reported the proportions of amorphous, mesomorphous, and crystalline cellulose in mulberry leaves (excluding veins) as 12.3, 27.4, and 60.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Cellulose Crystallinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clear distinction between values of T,(C) for C-6 in crystallite interiors and on surfaces is relevant to the distinction between crystalline and paracrystalline cellulose. Paracrystalline cellulose, as envisaged by Frey-Wyssling (1954), would consist of bundles of cellulose chains with long axes in approximately parallel orientations but with little molecular ordering along transverse axes. Some interchain hydrogen bonds would be stretched and others would be compressed.…”

Section: T(h)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, there is considerable confusion concerning the nature of the molecular ordering within the cellulose microfibrils. Descriptions of the crystallinity of cellulose in primary cell walls range from the early study of Frey-Wyssling (1954), in which he described the crystallinity in cellulose prepared from the growing root tips and coleoptiles of corn (Zea mays) as being "astonishingly poor," to a recent study of primary cell walls of apple fruit, in which no amorphous cellulose was detected. It is not yet clear whether the diverse conclusions reflect variations in the crystallinity of cellulose between different plant species, the evolution of new instrumental techniques, or changes in the use of poorly defined words such as "crystallinity .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Newman¹,

Davies²,

Harris³

1996

Plant Physiology

100

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Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance was used to characterize the molecular ordering of cellulose in a cell-wall preparation containing mostly primary walls obtained from the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proton and 13C spin relaxation time constants showed that the cellulose was in a crystalline rather than a paracrystalline state or amorphous state. Cellulose chains were distributed between the interiors (40%) and surfaces (60%) of crystallites, which is consistent with crystallite cross-sectional dimensions of about 3 nm. Digital resolution enhancement revealed signals indicative of triclinic and monoclinic crystalline forms of cellulose mixed in similar proportions. Of the five nuclear spin relaxation processes used, proton rotating-frame relaxation provided the clearest distinction between cellulose and other cell-wall components for purposes of editing solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.

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Section: Cellulose Crystallinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T(h)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Newman¹,

Davies²,

Harris³

1996

Plant Physiology

100

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“…Cellulose existing in the form of microfibrils in plant cell wall is the most abundant renewable carbon source on earth (14). Native cellulose microfibrils are highly crystalline, consisting of parallel-stacked linear chains of ␤-1,4-linked glucose residues (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellotriose and Cellotetraose as Inducers of the Genes Encoding Cellobiohydrolases in the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Suzuki

Igarashi

Samejima

2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The wood decay basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium produces a variety of cellobiohydrolases belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 6 and 7 in the presence of cellulose. However, no inducer of the production of these enzymes has yet been identified. Here, we quantitatively compared the transcript levels of the genes encoding GH family 6 cellobiohydrolase (cel6A) and GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase isozymes (cel7A to cel7F/G) in cultures containing glucose, cellulose, and cellooligosaccharides by real-time quantitative PCR, in order to evaluate the transcription-inducing effect of soluble sugars. Upregulation of transcript levels in the presence of cellulose compared to glucose was observed for cel7B, cel7C, cel7D, cel7F/G, and cel6A at all time points during cultivation. In particular, the transcription of cel7C and cel7D was strongly induced by cellotriose or cellotetraose. The highest level of cel7C transcripts was observed in the presence of cellotetraose, whereas the highest level of cel7D transcripts was found in the presence of cellotriose, amounting to 2.7 ؋ 10 6 and 1.7 ؋ 10 6 copies per 10 5 actin gene transcripts, respectively. These numbers of cel7C and cel7D transcripts were higher than those in the presence of cellulose. In contrast, cellobiose had a weaker transcription-inducing effect than either cellotriose or cellotetraose for cel7C and had little effect in the case of cel7D. These results indicate that cellotriose and cellotetraose, but not cellobiose, are possible natural cellobiohydrolase gene transcription inducers derived from cellulose.

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“…Plasticizer influence, however, is not limited by rearrangement inside the EC molecule. EC is a rigid-chain polymer peculiar to polymorphism [60][61][62] -it forms individual crystallites in the form of packed antiparallel separate segments of macromolecule [63][64][65]. According to that, the DBP concentration should affect the polymer crystallization rate due to molecule re-conformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of plasticized polymer solutions

Umerova¹,

Dulina²,

Ragulya³

2015

Epitoanyag - JSBCM

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this paper is about rheological properties of plasticized polymer solutions with different concentration of plasticizer. it was established that the investigated polymer solutions were threedimensionally structured systems which were shear thickened at low shear rates and maintained the thixotropic structural state under high shear rates. However, addition of different amount of plasticizer had an ambiguous influence on rheology of solutions and led to formation of transient polymer network with a complicated character of structuration because of the features of interaction in the polymer -plasticizer system. it was found that the plasticization results in changing of ec molecules conformation and simultaneous breaking of the polymer continuity due to DBP adsorption on ec macromolecule. Herewith, the formation of smaller crystallites took place. Besides, the investigated solutions showed causal link between structural states.

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The Fine Structure of Cellulose Microfibrils

Cited by 200 publications

References 9 publications

Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Cellotriose and Cellotetraose as Inducers of the Genes Encoding Cellobiohydrolases in the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Rheology of plasticized polymer solutions

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