The Finding of Premalignant Lesions is Not Associated with Smoking Cessation in Chemoprevention Study Volunteers

Abstract

A smoking cessation rate of 20% has been found among volunteers for a chemopreventive trial investigating smoking-related premalignant lesions after almost 2 years after initial contact has been found. Volunteers experienced screening and trial participation as having influenced their smoking cessation. Smoking cessation was significantly associated with male gender, whereas the finding of premalignant lesions by bronchoscopy was not.

Participation in research bronchoscopy: a literature review

“…Table 3 provides an in-depth overview of the final seven included papers ( 11 – 17 ). Four of the papers were published in the last five years, and six of the studies were conducted in Europe.…”

“…Four of the papers were published in the last five years, and six of the studies were conducted in Europe. Six papers focused on motives or perceived benefits of participation for studies involving research bronchoscopies ( 11 , 12 , 14 – 17 ). One of these also reported reasons to decline participation ( 16 ), and one studied predictors for the decision to consent to a second bronchoscopy ( 14 ).…”

Prevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Removing the “chemo” from “chemoprevention”

“…This fact is corroborated by the clear decline in the incidence of smoking-related tumors that followed the decrease in smoking observed in the adult United States population [25][26][27]. Although carcinogen avoidance is an effective method aimed at decreasing the chances of transformation to malignant phenotype, it is not always a reliable method of prevention as the genetic alterations predisposing to transformation may continue to affect the mucosa long after smoking cessation [28]. Of note, histologic changes may be specifically linked to molecular alterations in the mucosa [29].…”

“…Of note, histologic changes may be specifically linked to molecular alterations in the mucosa [29]. Molecular abnormalities in the normal-appearing mucosa are often not readily detectable on clinical exam or by standard histopathological analysis raising the question as to whether better diagnostic approaches are needed [30] Surveillance of the epithelial area of the aerodigestive tract in patients with a history of known invasive epithelial carcinoma can identify significant numbers of SPTs [28,31]. SPTs have an estimated annual incidence of 3-5% [28,[31][32][33] and are a major cause of mortality for patients with HNSCC.…”

“…Molecular abnormalities in the normal-appearing mucosa are often not readily detectable on clinical exam or by standard histopathological analysis raising the question as to whether better diagnostic approaches are needed [30] Surveillance of the epithelial area of the aerodigestive tract in patients with a history of known invasive epithelial carcinoma can identify significant numbers of SPTs [28,31]. SPTs have an estimated annual incidence of 3-5% [28,[31][32][33] and are a major cause of mortality for patients with HNSCC. Chemopreventive interventions can therefore be considered as primary prevention which targets the reversal of known premalignant lesions or as secondary prevention in patients who have had curative therapy for tumors of the aerodigestive tract and are at risk of developing SPTs [34].…”