The Financial Cost of a Criminal Conviction: Context and Consequences

Pleggenkuhle, Breanne

doi:10.1177/0093854817734278

Cited by 45 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…First, because offenders tend to have few assets, they do not have the financial ability to pay the sanctions (Harris, ). As a result, they are more likely to experience the negative effects of nonpayment (Pleggenkuhle, ), including both criminal justice consequences (e.g., continuation on probation supervision and possible revocation) and financial consequences (e.g., impact on credit and limitations on employment). Second, these effects on credit, borrowing, housing, and employment may limit offenders’ successful reintegration into society (Harris, Evans, and Beckett, ).…”

Section: Imposition and Payment Of Economic Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restitution Payment and Recidivism

Ruback

Knoth

Gladfelter

et al. 2018

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research Summary Restitution is court‐ordered payment by an offender to compensate a crime victim for direct tangible losses resulting from the crime. Making regular restitution payments, it has been argued, may serve as a continual reminder to offenders of the harm they caused and their need to restore justice. In this study, we examined the recidivism of offenders who were delinquent in paying restitution and who had participated in a prior experiment aimed at testing whether receiving monthly letters would increase their payment of restitution. Findings from that experiment revealed that offenders who had received letters containing information about the economic sanctions they had paid and what they still owed paid a significantly larger proportion of the restitution owed and made significantly more monthly payments than did offenders in the other three experimental conditions. Results of the present follow‐up study revealed that even though recidivists (as measured by a new arrest) and nonrecidivists did not differ significantly in the amount of restitution they owed, nonrecidivists were more likely to have paid something toward the restitution they owed and more likely to have made more monthly payments. Statistical tests indicated that payment mediated the relationship between the experimental manipulation of information and observed recidivism, suggesting that the experimental manipulation of information led to more payments that, in turn, led to less recidivism. Policy Implications The findings from the prior experiment indicated that offenders who had received information about the economic sanctions they had paid and what they still owed were more likely to make payments. In that study, scholars concluded that giving offenders this information was cost‐effective, in that for every dollar spent, more than $6 in restitution was received. The results of this follow‐up analysis of recidivism demonstrate that the cost‐effectiveness of providing information is greater than previously indicated. At a cost of $64.19 per day for jail in Pennsylvania, the difference of 46.4 days between offenders who received information and those in the other experimental conditions could be as much as $2,978.42 per offender, less the costs of monitoring payments.

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Section: Imposition and Payment Of Economic Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restitution Payment and Recidivism

Ruback

Knoth

Gladfelter

et al. 2018

Criminology & Public Policy

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“…LFO debts can cause long term debt and damaged credit (Harris et al, 2010;Pleggenkuhle, 2018), with one study reporting 75% sent to collections; African-Americans are more likely to have their debt sent to collections (Diller et al, 2009). Mixed and qualitative studies explore how people who owe LFO debts rely on social networks for financial support which causes family strain (Cook, Johnson, 2015;Nagrecha et al, 2015;Pleggenkuhle, 2012;Pogrebin, West-Smith, Walker, & Unnithan, 2014), forgo basic necessitates to make payments (Cook, 2014;Harris, 2016), face difficulties finding housing (Harris et al, 2010;Mogk, Shmigol, Futrell, Stover, & Hagopian, 2019), and are discouraged from entering formal economy or are forced to work low-wage jobs and forgo career-enhancing training/ education (Harris et al, 2010;Ortiz & Jackey, 2019;Pleggenkuhle, 2018). Various studies using different methods found that LFO debt may cause recidivism due to illegal activity or incarceration due to non-payment; two mixed methods studies found the latter happen in 17%-20% of cases (Cook, 2014;Ortiz, 2010;Ortiz & Jackey, 2019;Tostlebe, 2017).…”

Section: Scope and Impact Of Debtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Debt from LFOs, including bail, results in individuals and their familiesparticularly female family members -borrowing from costly, predatory lenders (Cook, 2014;Page et al, 2019), cutting back on essentials and falling behind on bills (Cook, 2014;Harris et al, 2010;Richards & Jones, 1997). LFO debt is associated with negative mental health including stress, a sense of hopelessness, feeling overwhelmed, and substance use (Arditti & Few, 2006;Cook, 2014;Harris, 2016;Pleggenkuhle, 2018).…”

Section: Scope and Impact Of Debtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Child Support Debt Studies of all types found that between 66%-92% of people who have been incarcerated have child support debt (Nagrecha et al, 2015;Pearson & Davis, 2003;Pleggenkuhle, 2018;Roman & Link, 2015). This is twice the rate of child support debt among people with child support orders who have not been incarcerated (McLeod & Gottlieb, 2018;Thoennes, 2002).…”

Section: Scope and Impact Of Debtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Debt, Incarceration, and Re-entry: a Scoping Review

et al. 2020

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People involved with the criminal justice system in the United States are disproportionately low-income and indebted. The experience of incarceration intensifies financial hardship, including through worsening debt. Little is known about how people who are incarcerated and their families are impacted by debt and how it affects their reentry experience. We conducted a scoping review to identify what is known about the debt burden on those who have been incarcerated and their families and how this impacts their lives. We searched 14 data bases from 1990 to 2019 for all original research addressing financial debt held by those incarcerated in the United States, and screened articles for relevance and extracted data from pertinent studies. These 31 studies selected for inclusion showed that this population is heavily burdened by debt that was accumulated in three general categories: debt directly from criminal justice involvement such as LFOs, preexisting debt that compounded during incarceration, and debts accrued during reentry for everyday survival. Debt was generally shown to have a negative effect on financial well-being, reentry, family structure, and mental health. Debts from LFOs and child support is very common among the justice-involved population and are largely unpayable. Other forms of debt likely to burden this population remain largely understudied. Extensive reform is necessary to lessen the burden of debt on the criminal justice population in order to improve reentry outcomes and quality of life.

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“…The security situation in the security environment is influenced by many aspects. In regions, the security situation is mainly influenced by indicators of a socio-economic character [9]. These indicators can be aggregated according to common features into separate blocks.…”

Section: Security In Economic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic consequences of globalization on the economic development of regions in the context of security

2020

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The process of globalization has brought about changes that manifest themselves in different areas of human life. One of the main positive aspects of the process of globalization affecting human quality of life is regional development. This can be measured through selected socio-economic indicators. However, regional development is not the only aspect that affects human quality of life. The negative aspects of the globalization process, such as illegal migration, have made security aspects more and more influential on quality of life. One of security aspect that negatively affects a human’s quality of life, as well as the whole perception of the process of globalization, is migration and related crime committed by foreigners in a particular area. As the objective of the regional development is to promote human quality of life, it is also necessary to deal with the issue of security in this context. The paper deals with the examination of selected socio-economic aspects of regional development in the context of security. The aim of the paper is to reveal relations between selected indicators of regional development in order to increase the stimulation of socio-economic aspects and the level of safety and thus to increase the quality of citizen’s life.

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The Financial Cost of a Criminal Conviction: Context and Consequences

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Restitution Payment and Recidivism

Restitution Payment and Recidivism

Debt, Incarceration, and Re-entry: a Scoping Review

Socio-economic consequences of globalization on the economic development of regions in the context of security

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