The figure of executioner in Dubrovnik between social acceptance and rejection (fourteenth to eighteenth century)

Lonza, Nella

doi:10.21857/yvjrdcn1ly

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It should also be noted that the presence of human bones in the analyzed assemblages can be explained by a custom of abandoning hanged cadavers until their total disintegration, as a sign of juridical power and convict disgrace, and as a warning to other people [ 21 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 39 , 40 ]. At the same time, historical information on the executioner’s practices concerning human burial conventions in the neighborhood of the gallows was not fully evidenced in various places of Lower Silesia [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Right swords ( Ius gladii ), a legal power of attorney to pronounce the death penalty (primarily reserved for feudal masters) were ceded to town councils. This process changed the role of qualified executioners and their positions in medieval and renaissance social hierarchy [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The profession became very important in medieval and early modern communities, as it alleviated the problem of stray and useless animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Early Modern Silesian Gallows (15th–19th Century) as an Example of Stray Animals Utilization before the Rise of Institutional Veterinary Care

Chrószcz

Poradowski

Duma

et al. 2021

Animals

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In the past, executioners played an important role in the legal system. Besides sentence executions, they also worked as dogcatchers (i.e., eliminating stray animals or cadavers of dead animals from towns), and were responsible for sanitary conditions within their towns and closest neighborhoods. Archaeological explorations of gallows in the towns of Lower Silesia (Poland) provide evidence of such activities, including animal skeletal remains. Archaeozoological analysis of these materials from the towns Kamienna Góra (Landeshut), Złotoryja (Goldberg), and Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg) are the subjects of this study. Our work also stresses the nature of the executioner’s profession in animal health control and town hygiene maintenance before the development of modern veterinary services. The results show significant differences in the frequency of species and distribution of anatomical elements in accessible assemblages compared with animal skeletal remains unearthed in typical waste pits or classical inhumation, allowing the assumption that the animals were anatomically adults, and their health statuses were generally good. The dominant species, equids and dogs, were represented by skeletal remains, with the predominance of less valuable body parts (distal parts of appendices, caudal parts of the vertebral column). The fragmentation of accessible bone assemblages narrows the ability of larger conclusions (i.e., minimum number of individual estimations). The work enlightens the complex role of executioners pertaining to the hygiene of early modern town communities, a role later replaced by professional veterinarians with all of the consequences of the transition process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early Modern Silesian Gallows (15th–19th Century) as an Example of Stray Animals Utilization before the Rise of Institutional Veterinary Care

Chrószcz

Poradowski

Duma

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…In the scholarly literature, this unusual junction was ascribed to the intervention of the Austrian government in the early nineteenth century [27]. This opinion was based on the fact that, after the Great Earthquake, the city was rebuilt following its medieval layout, as had been defined by the Statute, i.e., the compilation of the municipal laws, composed in 1272, with novelties added in 1296 [27][28][29][30][31]. The Statute regulated the placement and width of existing and future streets and, accordingly, the perimeter and size of the blocks.…”

Section: Visual Sources and The Convent In The First Half Of The Seve...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Transformation after a Scandal: Preserving Social Values in Late Medieval Dubrovnik

Plosnić Škarić,

Marinković

2024

Land

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This research reveals the original medieval forms of the Convent of Poor Clares while contextualising the spatial interventions after the scandalous year 1433 that led to the urban transformation of the broader neighbourhood. The research methodology addressed historical visual sources analysed in the context of the information provided by archival documents, starting with the Ordo from 1433 and including all the City Councils’ deliberations until 1450. Linking these two sets of information resulted in the schematic and hypothetical visualisation of the disposition of the convent’s medieval buildings and the identification of all the changes in neighbouring public and private buildings and spaces implemented to achieve the perfect clausura inside the densely built urban fabric. Along with the prison sentence to be served inside this very convent, the nobility of the Republic of Dubrovnik ensured that the social values were preserved for the future.

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“…Поданий вище список досліджень засвідчує, що ця тематика є актуальною. Через брак вітчизняних праць, присвячених катівському урядові, я послуговувався здобутками закордонних науковців, зокрема Мішеля Фуко [30; 31], Пітера Спіренбурга [50], Нелли Лонца [49], Пола Фрідленда [46], Даніела Войтуцкі [53], Кеті Стюарт [51]. У статті я свідомо не порушую питання про частоту використання і види тортур, котрі застосовувалися на території Гетьманщини.…”

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Hangman’s Of㸸ce in the Hetmanate in the Middle of the 18th Century

Sapronov¹

2018

NaUKMA Research Papers. History

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Сапронов А. Л. УРЯД КАТА В ГЕТЬМАНЩИНІ СЕРЕДИНИ XVIII ст. У статті здійснено спробу окреслити основні засади роботи ката в Гетьманщині в середині XVIII ст. (принцип рекрутування, розмір плати, термін служби). Ката розглянуто насамперед як посадову особу, службовця, урядника, елемент системи правосуддя -виконавця тортур, тілесних покарань чи смертної кари. З огляду на те, що катівське ремесло було поширене на території всього Європейського континенту, спершу проаналізовано окремі аспекти функціонування професії в Європі: час та причини виникнення, службові та додаткові обов'язки ката, ставлення до нього, термін служби. Досліджено визначення становища ката, його адміністративно-правовий статус у правничих джерелах Гетьманщини: Литовських статутах, «Правах, по которымъ судится малороссійскій народъ». Останній документ врегульовував порядок проведення допитів, використання тортур, процедуру виконання смертної кари та розмір зарплатні містра. Також проаналізовано записи в актових книгах другої половини XVII -початку XVIII ст., в результаті зроблено висновок, що кат був не єдиною особою, котра здійснювала тортури над злодіями, у цих документах є неодноразові згадки про покарання порушників міськими слугами (осавульцем або сотським), проте смертну кару виконував лише кат. 1 У праці «Два тіла короля» Е. Канторович проілюстрував, як в епоху Середньовіччя склалася юридична теологія подвійного тіла суверена, одне з яких народжується і помирає, а іншеє невідчутною опорою влади короля. Короткий нарис праці Е. Канторовича українською опубліковано в роботі Єжи Топольськи «Як ми пишемо та розуміємо історію» [26, с. 316-327]. Також є переклад праці російською [9].

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The figure of executioner in Dubrovnik between social acceptance and rejection (fourteenth to eighteenth century)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Early Modern Silesian Gallows (15th–19th Century) as an Example of Stray Animals Utilization before the Rise of Institutional Veterinary Care

The Early Modern Silesian Gallows (15th–19th Century) as an Example of Stray Animals Utilization before the Rise of Institutional Veterinary Care

Urban Transformation after a Scandal: Preserving Social Values in Late Medieval Dubrovnik

Hangman’s Of㸸ce in the Hetmanate in the Middle of the 18th Century

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