The Fiftieth Anniversary of Sanders (1955): A Mesoscale Model Simulation of the Cold Front of 17–18 April 1953

Schultz, David M.; Roebber, Paul J.

doi:10.1007/978-0-933876-68-2_6

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…To relate the structure, evolution and governing dynamics of the idealized fronts to real fronts simulated with a state‐of‐the‐art NWP system, it was deemed necessary to perform a numerical simulation of a real cold front. Given the influential nature of the Sanders () diagnostic frontal study and the recent numerical study of this particular cold front by Schultz and Roebber (), the cold front originally analyzed by Sanders () was selected for our case study. A numerical simulation, similar to that produced by Schultz and Roebber (), of the cold front that affected the central USA on 17 and 18 April 1953 was performed using WRF in an operational forecast model configuration.…”

Section: Numerical Model and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the influential nature of the Sanders () diagnostic frontal study and the recent numerical study of this particular cold front by Schultz and Roebber (), the cold front originally analyzed by Sanders () was selected for our case study. A numerical simulation, similar to that produced by Schultz and Roebber (), of the cold front that affected the central USA on 17 and 18 April 1953 was performed using WRF in an operational forecast model configuration. The 48 h simulation was initialized at 1200 UTC 17 April 1953 using data from from the National Centers for Environment Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis project as initial conditions.…”

Section: Numerical Model and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numbers beneath the three ascent plumes are referred to in the text. This cross‐section is the same as section XY in Schultz and Roebber ().…”

Section: Structure and Evolution Of Cold Frontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross‐front diagnostics are calculated for the S55 front along one of the cross‐sections analyzed by Schultz and Roebber () and the analysis time, 0330 UTC on 18 April, is selected to be the same as originally analyzed by Sanders (). WRF underestimated the cross‐front potential temperature gradient by a factor of 3.5 [16 K (100 km) −1 compared with the value of 56 K (100 km) −1 analyzed by Sanders, ], but the simulated potential temperature gradient here is almost identical to that in the simulation of the Sanders () front by Schultz and Roebber (). The cross‐front diagnostics show that quantitative differences exist between the idealized YSU front and the simulated S55 front.…”

Section: Structure and Evolution Of Cold Frontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force balances and dynamical regimes of numerically simulated cold fronts within the boundary layer

Sinclair

Keyser

2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The governing dynamics of numerically simulated cold fronts, as they collapse towards a minimum cross-frontal scale, are identified by determining force balances and the Rossby and Ekman numbers in frontal regions. A hierarchy of numerical simulations of cold fronts is performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model and individual terms in the horizontal momentum equations are calculated from the model output to construct force balances. An inviscid, three-dimensional, idealized front is simulated at three different horizontal grid spacings (100, 20 and 4 km) and then the experiments are repeated with a planetary boundary layer (PBL) parametrization scheme included. Additionally, a fullphysics simulation of the cold front originally analyzed by Sanders is conducted. The leading edge of the idealized, inviscid cold front is characterized by small Rossby numbers and hence balanced dynamics at all three model resolutions. When the PBL scheme is included, large Rossby numbers and unbalanced flow develop at the leading edge of the cold front, but only when the front is simulated at high resolution; at coarse resolution, balanced dynamics remain. The acceleration is in the cross-front direction and arises due to a localized pressure gradient force. Unlike the inviscid experiments or the coarse-resolution PBL experiments, the front in the high-resolution PBL experiment has a large cross-front thermal gradient, strong forced ascent and sharp surface pressure trough, which enables a large cross-front pressure gradient force to develop. The dynamics of the Sanders front agree qualitatively with the idealized PBL simulation, but much larger Rossby numbers occur at the leading edge of the Sanders front. This finding indicates that the dynamics of the Sanders front are more unbalanced than the dynamics of the idealized simulations.

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Section: Numerical Model and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Model and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numbers beneath the three ascent plumes are referred to in the text. This cross‐section is the same as section XY in Schultz and Roebber ().…”

Section: Structure and Evolution Of Cold Frontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Evolution Of Cold Frontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force balances and dynamical regimes of numerically simulated cold fronts within the boundary layer

Sinclair

Keyser

2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…(, their Figure ). Given the strong dependence of power on static stability, that warm fronts are more likely to be associated with bands makes sense because cold‐frontal zones tend to be less statically stable (Schultz, ; Schultz and Roebber, ; Schultz and Vaughan, , p. 454).…”

Section: Bands In Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple bands near fronts in VHF wind‐profiling radar and radiosonde data

Lawson

Schultz

Vaughan

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Science Letters

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Fronts passing over the Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere radar near Aberystwyth, Wales, UK, possessed multiple bands in returned power and vertical shear of the horizontal wind. Warm fronts tended to have more bands than cold fronts. Of 82 bands in power with an associated band in the radiosonde data, 45% were associated with a decrease in specific humidity and an increase in stability (drying stable bands) and 21% were associated with an increase in humidity and a decrease in stability (moistening unstable bands). The radar detects airstream boundaries near fronts, some of which are not part of the front.

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Large-Eddy Observation of Post-Cold-Frontal Continental Stratocumulus

Schultz¹

2010

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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More studies on the dynamics of marine stratus and stratocumulus clouds have been performed than comparable studies on continental stratocumulus. Therefore, to increase the number of observations of continental stratocumulus and to compare marine and continental stratocumulus to each other, the approach of large-eddy observation (LEO) was applied to a case of nocturnal continental stratocumulus observed over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) in the central United States on 8 April 2006. The stratocumulus occurred in cold-air and dry-air advection behind a surface cold front. LEOs were obtained from millimeter-wavelength cloud radar and micropulse lidar, whereas traditional meteorological observations described the synoptic environment. This study focuses on a 9-h period of a predominantly nonprecipitating stratocumulus layer 250-400 m thick. A slight thinning of the cloud layer over time is consistent with dry-air advection. A deep layer of descent overlaid a shallower layer of ascent from the surface up to 800 mb, providing a mechanism for strengthening the inversion at cloud top. Time series of Doppler velocity indicate vertically coherent structures identifiable throughout much of the cloud layer. The magnitude of turbulence, as indicated by the variance of the vertical velocity, was weak relative to typical marine stratocumulus and to the one other case of continental stratocumulus in the literature. Conditional sampling of the eddy structures indicate that strong downdrafts were more prevalent than strong updrafts, and negative skewness of vertical velocity in the cloud implies an in-cloud circulation driven by longwave cooling at cloud top, similar to that in marine stratocumulus.

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The Fiftieth Anniversary of Sanders (1955): A Mesoscale Model Simulation of the Cold Front of 17–18 April 1953

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Force balances and dynamical regimes of numerically simulated cold fronts within the boundary layer

Force balances and dynamical regimes of numerically simulated cold fronts within the boundary layer

Multiple bands near fronts in VHF wind‐profiling radar and radiosonde data

Large-Eddy Observation of Post-Cold-Frontal Continental Stratocumulus

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