The fetal origins of mental illness

al-Haddad, Benjamin J.S.; Oler, Elizabeth; Armistead, Blair; Elsayed, Nada A.; Weinberger, Daniel R.; Bernier, Raphael; Burd, Irina; Kapur, Raj P.; Jacobsson, Bo; Wang, Caihong; Mysorekar, Indira U.; Rajagopal, Lakshmi; Waldorf, Kristina M. Adams

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.013

Cited by 208 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 214 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…The seasonal influenza vaccine has established efficacy in preventing maternal infection, as well as partially preventing the infant through passive immunity, and its administration remains best practice for protection of mother and child, with the World Health Organisation recognising pregnant women as a priority vulnerable group. In addition, educating pregnant women to contact their healthcare provide if they have a fever is recommended in order to expedite administration of antiviral medication and supportive care (228). Some authors consider the fact that influenza vaccination is not recommended in the first trimester in some countries as cause for concern, leaving women and the developing foetus vulnerable during a critical neurodevelopmental window (228).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Influenza at the Centenary of the 1918-1919 Spanish Influenza Pandemic: Mechanisms of Psychosis Risk

et al. 2020

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Associations between influenza infection and psychosis have been reported since the eighteenth century, with acute "psychoses of influenza" documented during multiple pandemics. In the late 20 th century, reports of a season-of-birth effect in schizophrenia were supported by large-scale ecological and sero-epidemiological studies suggesting that maternal influenza infection increases the risk of psychosis in offspring. We examine the evidence for the association between influenza infection and schizophrenia risk, before reviewing possible mechanisms via which this risk may be conferred. Maternal immune activation models implicate placental dysfunction, disruption of cytokine networks, and subsequent microglial activation as potentially important pathogenic processes. More recent neuroimmunological advances focusing on neuronal autoimmunity following infection provide the basis for a model of infection-induced psychosis, potentially implicating autoimmunity to schizophrenia-relevant protein targets including the Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor. Finally, we outline areas for future research and relevant experimental approaches and consider whether the current evidence provides a basis for the rational development of strategies to prevent schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Influenza at the Centenary of the 1918-1919 Spanish Influenza Pandemic: Mechanisms of Psychosis Risk

et al. 2020

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“…[54][55][56] If the virus does cross the placental barrier, there is the worrying possibility that it will predispose to a range of adverse gestational outcomes, neurodevelopmental disorders, and, decades later, even schizophrenia. [57][58][59] The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, where I work, has launched a 24/7 toll-free national helpline to address mental health concerns related to COVID-19. On March 30, 2020, alone, about 2,500 calls were handled by a 90-member multidisciplinary team.…”

Section: Lockdown: the Health Care Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19

Andrade¹

2020

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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“…Neonatal development intimately depends on maternal health. Prior infections and disease states causing maternal in ammatory activation and cytokine storm have resulted in increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, depression, and bipolar disorder in exposed children [15][16][17]. The effect of the SARS-CoV-2 hyperin ammatory milieu on the developing fetus is yet to be seen.…”

Section: Ascertain the Impact Of Maternal Sars-cov-2 Infection On Fetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a Pediatric COVID-19 Biorepository: Unique Considerations and Opportunities for Studying the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children

Lima

Gootkind

Flor

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19, the disease caused by the highly infectious and transmissible coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has quickly become a morbid global pandemic. Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less clinically apparent, collecting high-quality biospecimens from infants, children, and adolescents in a standardized manner during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to establish a biologic understanding of the disease in the pediatric population. This biorepository enables pediatric centers world-wide to collect samples uniformly to drive forward our understanding of COVID-19 by addressing specific pediatric and neonatal COVID-19-related questions. Methods: A COVID-19 biospecimen collection study was implemented with strategic enrollment guidelines to include patients seen in urgent care clinics and hospital settings, neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, and asymptomatic children. The methodology described here, details the importance of establishing collaborations between the clinical and research teams to harmonize protocols for patient recruitment and sample collection, processing and storage. It also details modifications required for biobanking during a surge of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: Considerations and challenges facing enrollment of neonatal and pediatric cohorts are described. A roadmap is laid out for successful collection, processing, storage and database management of multiple pediatric samples such as blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, saliva, tracheal aspirates, stool, and urine. Using this methodology, we enrolled 327 participants, who provided a total of 972 biospecimens.Conclusions: Pediatric biospecimens will be key in answering questions relating to viral transmission by children, differences between pediatric and adult viral susceptibility and immune responses, the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal development, and factors driving the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. The specimens in this biorepository will allow necessary comparative studies between children and adults, help determine the accuracy of current pediatric viral testing techniques, in addition to, understanding neonatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease abnormalities. The successful establishment of a pediatric biorepository is critical to provide insight into disease pathogenesis, and subsequently, develop future treatment and vaccination strategies.

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The fetal origins of mental illness

Cited by 208 publications

References 214 publications

Schizophrenia and Influenza at the Centenary of the 1918-1919 Spanish Influenza Pandemic: Mechanisms of Psychosis Risk

Schizophrenia and Influenza at the Centenary of the 1918-1919 Spanish Influenza Pandemic: Mechanisms of Psychosis Risk

Covid-19

Establishment of a Pediatric COVID-19 Biorepository: Unique Considerations and Opportunities for Studying the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children

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