The Female Predominant Persistent Immune Dysregulation of the Post COVID Syndrome: A Cohort Study

Ganesh, Ravindra; Grach, Stephanie L.; Bierle, Dennis M.; Salonen, Bradley R.; Collins, Nerissa M.; Joshi, Avni Y.; Boeder, Neal D; Anstine, Christopher V.; Mueller, Michael; Wight, Elizabeth; Croghan, Ivana T.; Badley, Andrew D.; Carter, Rickey E.; Hurt, Ryan T.

doi:10.1101/2021.05.25.21257820

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Female sex was associated with having persistent and psychological/mental health symptoms. This is in line with some of the recent reports on long COVID that also found female predominance (Ganesh et al, 2021;Karaarslan et al, 2022;Sudre et al, 2021;Thompson et al, 2021). We found that obesity was associated with long COVID which is consistent with findings by others (Sudre et al, 2021;Thompson et al, 2021).…”

Section: Cpap Continuous Positive Airway Pressuresupporting

confidence: 94%

Long COVID symptoms in a population-based sample of persons discharged home from hospital

Feldman

Boudrias

Mazer

2022

Can J Public Health

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Objectives The impact of long COVID among persons hospitalized and discharged home is unknown. We aimed to (1) report the prevalence of long COVID in persons hospitalized for COVID-19 and discharged home; (2) estimate the prevalence of physical, sensory, and psychological/mental health impairments; and (3) explore associated factors. Methods We conducted a telephone survey of adult residents in Laval, Quebec, who were discharged home ≥ 2 months post-hospitalization for COVID-19. Participants responded to a standard questionnaire regarding persistent symptoms. We calculated the prevalence of long COVID and of persistent types of symptoms and evaluated associated factors using bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Results In our sample ( n = 398), 70% reported physical symptoms, 58% psychological problems, and 16% sensory impairments. 31.5% reported being troubled by persistent symptoms (long COVID). Factors associated with long COVID were a greater number of symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.69–2.28) and increased hospital stay (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06). Other factors associated with physical and psychological symptoms were female sex (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.27–3.71 and OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.25–3.39; respectively), higher education level (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.20–3.68 and OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.44–4.14; respectively), and obesity (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.15–3.34 and OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.05–2.77; respectively). Conclusion In this population-based study of persons hospitalized for COVID-19 and discharged home, nearly one third were troubled by symptoms for 2 months or more post-discharge. There was a high proportion with persistent physical and psychological/mental health symptoms. Further research will assess the specific needs of these patients to inform health policy makers on service requirements for these persons.

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Section: Cpap Continuous Positive Airway Pressuresupporting

confidence: 94%

Long COVID symptoms in a population-based sample of persons discharged home from hospital

Feldman

Boudrias

Mazer

2022

Can J Public Health

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“…At this time, existing data suggest that patients with persistent symptomatology, including those with fibromyalgia, ME/CFS and POTS, have a dysregulated immune response that may be responsible for the characteristic syndromic presentations. It is highly likely that this pathophysiology also occurs in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome; indeed, preliminary data from our first 108 patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome does demonstrate an increased incidence of elevation of IL-6 24. More recently, data have emerged demonstrating decreases in CD8+ T cells in patients with PASC compared with healthy controls and patients who had COVID-19 but did not develop PASC 25 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It is highly likely that this pathophysiology also occurs in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome; indeed, preliminary data from our first 108 patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome does demonstrate an increased incidence of elevation of IL-6. 24 More recently, data have emerged demonstrating decreases in CD8+ T cells in patients with PASC compared with healthy controls and patients who had COVID-19 but did not develop PASC. 25 26 Patients with PASC have also demonstrated a significant decrease in T regulatory cells and elevation in the CD14+, CD16+ and CCR5+ monocyte subsets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 syndrome: persistent neuroimaging changes and symptoms 9 months after initial infection

et al. 2022

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A previously healthy and active middle-aged woman acquired COVID-19 as an occupational exposure with subsequent persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms including headache, dyspnoea on exertion, chest pressure, tachycardia, anosmia, parosmia, persistent myalgia, vertigo, cognitive decline and fatigue. She presented to a tertiary medical centre for further evaluation after 9 months of persistent symptoms and had a largely unremarkable workup with the exception of a persistently elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, blunted cardiovagal response and non-specific scattered areas of low-level hypometabolism at the bilateral frontal, left precuneus, occipital and parietal regions on PET scan.

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“…Опубликованы данные о длительном повышении IL-6 (3 и более месяцев) в постковидном периоде и ассоциации данного дисбаланса с симптомами хронической усталости, головной болью и изменением метаболических процессов головного мозга [28] Терапия Арепливиром в остром периоде коронавирусной инфекции позволяет своевременно снизить вирусную нагрузку, что способствует корректировке провоспалительного вектора иммунного реагирова-ния на постковидном этапе и, соответственно, снижает риск прогрессирования атеросклероза, транзиторных нарушений мозгового кровообращения со снижением когнитивных функций, эндотелиальной дисфункции и может рассматриваться в качестве вторичной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых осложнений.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Study of Long-Term Clinical and Pathogenetic Effects of Favipiravir-Based Anti-Viral Drug in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome in Post-Covid Period

Radaeva

Балыкова

Zaslavskaya

et al. 2022

Farm. farmakol. (Pâtigorsk)

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The article presents modern scientific data on long-term clinical and pathogenetic effects of the antiviral drug Areplivir (Favipiravir) in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.The aim of the article is to study long-term cytokine-mediated (IL-6/sIL6r and LIF/sLIFr) pathogenetic effects of the favipiravir (Areplivir®) based drug on the incidence of complications in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.Material and methods. With the approval of the local ethics committee at the N.P. Ogarevs Mordovia State University (Protocol No. 5 dated May 17, 2020) “An open prospective comparative study of the Areplivir® (Favipiravir) drug effectiveness in reducing the risk of complications in the post-COVID period in patients with metabolic syndrome” in the Republic of Mordovia was carried out.The study included 190 metabolic syndrome patients who received the outpatient treatment for COVID-19 at Saransk polyclinics from February 2021 to March 2021. The case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in accordance with the current Temporary Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.Results. The analysis of the metabolic syndrome patients’ follow-up within 1 year after undergoing COVID-19, revealed significant differences in the incidence of complications depending on the intake of the favipiravir based drug. The patients who were administrated with favipiravir at the early stage of infection, were characterized by lower serum levels of four members of the interleukin 6 family – IL-6 (IL-6, sIL6r and LIF, sLIFr) 10, 30 and 180 days after a clinical and laboratory recovery (p<0.001). The average statistical changes in the IL-6 /sIL6r system of the group administrated with favipiravir, were 90%, and they were higher than in the group not administrated with antiviral drugs. In the group of the patients administrated with favipiravir, there was a significant (p<0.001) positive dynamic of the sLIFr indicator, while in the comparison group, there was an increase in this indicator.A protective effect of the early favipiravir use was characterized by a decrease in the frequency of cardiovascular complications, a 2.66-fold decrease in the risk of a stroke and the ACS in the post-COVID period.Conclusion. The areplivir therapy in the acute period of coronavirus infection made it possible to timely reduce the viral load. It helps to correct the pro-inflammatory vector of the immune response at the post-COVID stage and, accordingly, reduces the risk of progression of atherosclerosis, transient cerebrovascular accidents with a cognitive decline, an endothelial dysfunction, and can be considered a secondary prevention of life-threatening cardiovascular complications.

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The Female Predominant Persistent Immune Dysregulation of the Post COVID Syndrome: A Cohort Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Long COVID symptoms in a population-based sample of persons discharged home from hospital

Long COVID symptoms in a population-based sample of persons discharged home from hospital

Post-COVID-19 syndrome: persistent neuroimaging changes and symptoms 9 months after initial infection

Study of Long-Term Clinical and Pathogenetic Effects of Favipiravir-Based Anti-Viral Drug in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome in Post-Covid Period

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