The Female Athlete Triad and Endothelial Dysfunction

Lanser, Erica M.; Zach, Karie N.; Hoch, Anne Z.

doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.12.024

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…A patient with hypoestrogenemia and amenorrhea may have the same steroid hor- 33,34 Further, low energy availability has been linked to negative cardiovascular effects such as decreased vessel dilation leading to decreased tissue perfusion and hastened development of atherosclerosis. 33 Female athletes with hypoestrogenism may show reduced perfusion of working muscle, impaired aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and vaginal dryness.…”

Section: Diagnosing Menstrual Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The female athlete triad: It takes a team

Mehta

Thompson

Kling³

2018

CCJM

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The female athlete triad is a syndrome consisting of low energy availability (ie, burning more calories than one is taking in), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density, although all 3 components need not be present. Many providers, physical therapists, and coaches are unaware of it and thus do not screen for it. Early intervention using a team approach is essential in patients with any component of the female athlete triad to prevent long-term adverse health effects.

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Section: Diagnosing Menstrual Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The female athlete triad: It takes a team

Mehta

Thompson

Kling³

2018

CCJM

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“…(1985), larger board size can affect corporate performance. Lanser (1969) Yermack (1996) found that a large board size has a small, insignificant and negative effect on performance. Guest (2009) suggests that a company could be more effective with a small board size because it would reduce the problem of poor communication and piggybacking on the boards.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Board Governance and Performance: An Exploratory Study of Malaysian Cooperative Organizations

Othman¹,

Embi²,

Aris³

et al. 2016

JSAR

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Cooperatives are expected to help generate economic growth; become competitive business entities; and remain as effective self-help organizations while upholding sensitivity towards the environment. However, cooperatives like their business cousins in the public corporations are plagued with governance issues (Shaw, 2006). This has prompted studies to isolate the probable causes of their predicament. The issue of corporate governance of cooperatives has begun to become mainstream in research, and conventional wisdom dictates that governance procedures and processes that abound in the corporate world can prudently be applicable in the governance of cooperatives (Cornforth, 2004). In a cooperative, the Board of Directors plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the collective interest of the members (Jussila, Goel, & Tuominen, 2012). The Board of Directors needs to demonstrate adequate and effective monitoring of the organizations they are helming. This paper examines the role of Board of Directors as custodian against financial fiasco in cooperatives organizations. This study focuses on the association of the size of Board of Directors of cooperatives and the frequency of board meetings with performance. Outcomes from the study indicated both the size of the board and the frequency of board meetings have no relationship with performance of cooperatives organizations in Malaysia. The results suggest that the board of directors may no longer be effective in managing the cooperatives towards achieving their members' objectives. Various literatures supported this finding. This result indicates that governance of cooperatives is in dire need of revision to increase its effectiveness.

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“…As indicated in Chapter 5, if iron status tests are indicative of iron deficiency, then iron supplementation under the supervision of the athlete's physician and a registered dietitian is warranted. Finally, there is some research to suggest that folic acid supplementation may be beneficial for treating the endothelial dysfunction that often accompanies low EA and menstrual dysfunction in female athletes (Hoch et al 2010(Hoch et al , 2011aLanser et al 2011). To date, three studies have demonstrated significant improvements in FMD with folic acid supplementation (10 mg/day for 4 weeks) Downloaded by [University of Idaho Library] at 12:10 14 June 2016 in female athletes (runners and ballet dancers) (Hoch et al 2010(Hoch et al , 2011aLanser et al 2011).…”

Section: Strategies To Correct Low Energy Availability Among Female Amentioning

confidence: 99%

- Nutrients Needed for Optimal Bone Health in the Female Athlete

Beals¹

2013

Nutrition and the Female Athlete

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INTRODUCTIONIn the newly revised Female Athlete Triad (the Triad) position stand, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) asserts that low energy availability is the cornerstone of the metabolic and health consequences associated with the Triad; in other words, it is at the root of both menstrual dysfuction and poor bone health. Energy availability is defined as the amount of energy available for the metabolic processes of the body after energy is used for exercise, normalized for fat-free mass (FFM) (i.e., Energy availability = Energy intake -Energy expenditure per kilogram of fatfree mass) (Nattiv et al. 2007). Although low energy availability can (and often does) result from disordered eating, it may also result from the athlete inadvertently failing to meet exercise energy requirements due to, among other reasons, time constraints, food availability issues, and lack of appropriate nutrition knowledge, particularly as it relates to body weight management (Nattiv et al. 2007).This chapter will define the concept of energy availability, describe the currently accepted energy avialability categories, and summarize the existing research regarding the etiology, prevalence, and consequences of low energy availability among female athletes. Suggestions for correcting low energy availability in female athletic populations will also be discussed.

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The Female Athlete Triad and Endothelial Dysfunction

Cited by 20 publications

References 64 publications

The female athlete triad: It takes a team

The female athlete triad: It takes a team

Board Governance and Performance: An Exploratory Study of Malaysian Cooperative Organizations

- Nutrients Needed for Optimal Bone Health in the Female Athlete

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