The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016: Moving Forward

Dwyer, Johanna

doi:10.1093/jn/nxy159

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with studies that indicate that 47% of older children reported consumption of SSBs on the day they were surveyed and 2018 data reporting that 48% of adults consumed sugar sweetened beverages at least once per week [37][38][39]. The 2017The -2018 National Health Survey in Australia also found that 44.8% of children aged 2 to 17 years consumed SSBs at least once a week [38]. There is, however, limited data specifically for SSB introduction to infants under 52 weeks of age in Australia as the National Infant Feeding survey focuses mainly on breastfeeding rates [39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Factors Influencing the Early Introduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages among Infants: Findings from the HSHK Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2020

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Understanding the determinants of early introduction of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) may assist in designing effective public health interventions to prevent childhood weight related conditions (obesity). This study explores the relationship between family/infant characteristics and the early introduction of SSBs among infants in Sydney, Australia. Mothers (n = 934) from an ongoing birth cohort study were interviewed at 8, 17, 34, and 52 weeks postpartum. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify family/infant factors independently associated with the likelihood of early introduction of SSBs (<52 weeks of age). Of the 934 mothers interviewed, 42.7% (n = 399) of infants were introduced to SSBs before 52 weeks. Mothers who were born in Vietnam (adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33, 3.47), other Asian countries (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.02, 2.58) as well as single mothers (AOR = 3.72; 95% CI 2.46, 5.62) had higher odds of introducing SSBs early to their infants. Mothers from highly advantaged socioeconomic background (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.28, 0.68), those who breastfed their baby for 17–25 weeks (AOR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.37, 0.99), 26–51 weeks (AOR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.45, 0.94), and 52 weeks or more (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.43, 0.90); and those who introduced solids between 17–25 weeks (AOR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.36, 0.91) and 26 weeks or more (AOR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.34, 0.91) had reduced odds of introducing SSBs early. Tailoring health promotion programs for these vulnerable groups may delay the introduction of SSBs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Factors Influencing the Early Introduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages among Infants: Findings from the HSHK Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2020

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“…Discretionary foods are typically energy dense, and the contribution of discretionary foods to total energy intake increases as consumption of these food increases with age, resulting in the displacement of more nutrient dense foods and beverages [27,46,47]. The average energy intake of the SMILE cohort was similar to that reported for another cohort of Australian children of similarly aged children (12 to 16 months) (4040 kJ vs 4194 kJ), as was the proportion of total energy derived from the consumption of discretionary foods (11.2% vs 9%) [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shortfall in feeding guidance for parents of young children is not limited to the Australian IFG and a recent analysis of a number of national and international feeding guidelines including WHO, European Network for Public Health Nutrition, US and two European national guidelines (UK and France) revealed that recommendations for acceptable consumption levels of sweet and salty food were rarely included [4]. The authors called for guidelines to provide more practical tips for parents, a sentiment echoed by Dwyer [47] who on reviewing the findings of the 2016 wave of the US FITS study suggested that stronger recommendations are needed so that parents understand the specific foods children should and should not be eating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and Determinants of Discretionary Food Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12–14 Months

Coxon

Devenish

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Despite recommendations to the contrary, consumption of discretionary (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) foods begins for some children early in the weaning period, and the proportion of children consuming discretionary foods increases markedly in the second year of life. The purpose of this study was to determine intake and sources of discretionary foods in a cohort of 828 Australian toddlers (mean age: 13.1mo), and to identify determinants of discretionary food intake. At approximately 12 months of age, 3 non-consecutive days of dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h recall and 2-day food record, and the percentage total energy derived from discretionary foods was estimated. Linear regression was used to identify associations between discretionary food intake and socio-demographic determinants (mother’s age, level of education, country of birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, socioeconomic position, parity, age of child when mother returned to work, and child’s sex) and age at which complementary foods were introduced. The average energy intake of children in this cohort was 4040 (±954.7 SD) kJ with discretionary foods contributing an average of 11.2% of total energy. Sweet biscuits, and cakes, muffins, scones and cake-type desserts contributed 10.8% and 10.2% of energy intake from discretionary foods, respectively. Other key contributors to energy intake from discretionary foods included sausages, frankfurters and saveloys (8.3%), vegetable products and dishes where frying was the main cooking technique (8.6%), butter (7.3%), and finally manufactured infant sweet or savory snack foods (9.3%). Higher intakes of discretionary food were associated with children having two or more siblings (p = 0.002), and being born to younger mothers (<25 years) (p = 0.008) and mothers born in Australia or the United Kingdom (p < 0.001). Parents, in particular young mothers and those with larger families, need practical guidance on how much of, and how often, these foods should be eaten by their children.

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“…However, it appears that other important messages about infant and toddler feeding are being missed by parents, particularly those relating to iron. Dwyer [45] on reviewing the findings of the 2016 wave of the US FITS study suggested that stronger recommendations are needed so that parents understand “the specific foods children should be eating and the developmentally appropriate times to introduce complementary foods and beverages” (p1578S). This appears also to be the case for Australian parents, particularly with regard to the introduction of iron-rich foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and Sources of Iron Intakes of Australian Toddlers: Findings from the SMILE Cohort Study

Jordan

Gee

Devenish

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The first two years of life is a period of rapid growth and development. During this time a lack of key nutrients, including iron, can have long-lasting effects on motor and cognitive performance. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine intake and sources of iron in a cohort of 828 toddlers (mean age; 13.1 mo) participating in the Adelaide-based Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events affecting oral health (SMILE), and to identify determinants of iron intake. At approximately 12 months of age, 3 non-consecutive days of dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h recall and 2-days food record. The Multiple Source Method was used to combine data from the 24-h recall and each day of the food record to estimate usual iron intake and descriptive statistics were used to report sources of iron. Linear regression was used to identify associations between iron intake and non-dietary determinants (maternal age, education, country of birth, BMI, socioeconomic position, parity, toddler sex) and primary milk feeding method at 12 months. The mean intake of iron was 7.0 (95% CI 6.7–7.2) mg/day and 18.2% of children had usual intakes below the estimated average requirement of 4 mg/day. The main sources of iron included infant and toddler cereals and formulas. Milk feeding method and parity were significantly associated with iron intake. Toddlers with siblings and those who received breast milk as their primary milk feed had significantly lower iron intakes than only children and those who received formula, respectively. The Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines promote the importance of iron-iron-rich complementary foods such as meat and meat alternatives. However, low intakes of this food group suggest that parents do not recognize the importance of these foods or understand the specific foods that toddlers should be eating.

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The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016: Moving Forward

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Factors Influencing the Early Introduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages among Infants: Findings from the HSHK Birth Cohort Study

Factors Influencing the Early Introduction of Sugar Sweetened Beverages among Infants: Findings from the HSHK Birth Cohort Study

Sources and Determinants of Discretionary Food Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12–14 Months

Determinants and Sources of Iron Intakes of Australian Toddlers: Findings from the SMILE Cohort Study

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