The Fecal Microbial Community of Breast-fed Infants from Armenia and Georgia

Lewis, Zachery T.; Sidamonidze, Ketevan; Tsaturyan, Vardan; Tsereteli, David; Khachidze, Nika; Pepoyan, Astghik; Zhgenti, Ekaterine; Tevzadze, Liana; Մանվելյան, Անահիտ; Բալայան, Մարինե; Imnadze, Paata; Török, Tamás; Lemay, Danielle G.; Mills, David A.

doi:10.1038/srep40932

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Similarly, the association between the secretory status of mothers (affecting the abundance of 2=-fucosylated HMOs) and the abundance of B. longum subsp. infantis in breastfed infants, as originally observed in a U.S. cohort (39), could not be replicated in a study performed in Armenia and Georgia (40). Adding to our results obtained in two European countries, this observation suggests geography-related specificities of the infant gut bifidobacterial population in its ability to utilize HMOs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Linking Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Infant Fecal Community Types, and Later Risk To Require Antibiotics

Berger

Porta

Foata

et al. 2020

mBio

119

131

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may provide health benefits to infants partly by shaping the development of the early-life intestinal microbiota. In a randomized double-blinded controlled multicentric clinical trial, healthy term infants received either infant formula (control) or the same formula with two HMOs (2′-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose; test) from enrollment (0 to 14 days) to 6 months. Then, all infants received the same follow-up formula without HMOs until 12 months of age. Breastfed infants (BF) served as a reference group. Stool microbiota at 3 and 12 months, analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, clustered into seven fecal community types (FCTs) with marked differences in total microbial abundances. Three of the four 12-month FCTs were likely precursors of the adult enterotypes. At 3 months, microbiota composition in the test group (n = 58) appeared closer to that of BF (n = 35) than control (n = 63) by microbiota alpha (within group) and beta (between groups) diversity analyses and distribution of FCTs. While bifidobacteriaceae dominated two FCTs, its abundance was significantly higher in one (FCT BiH for Bifidobacteriaceae at high abundance) than in the other (FCT Bi for Bifidobacteriaceae). HMO supplementation increased the number of infants with FCT BiH (predominant in BF) at the expense of FCT Bi (predominant in control). We explored the association of the FCTs with reported morbidities and medication use up to 12 months. Formula-fed infants with FCT BiH at 3 months were significantly less likely to require antibiotics during the first year than those with FCT Bi. Previously reported lower rates of infection-related medication use with HMOs may therefore be linked to gut microbiota community types. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT01715246.) IMPORTANCE Human milk is the sole and recommended nutrition for the newborn infant and contains one of the largest constituents of diverse oligosaccharides, dubbed human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Preclinical and clinical association studies indicate that HMOs have multiple physiological functions largely mediated through the establishment of the gut microbiome. Until recently, HMOs were not available to investigate their role in randomized controlled intervention trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of 2 HMOs on establishing microbiota in newborn infants. We provide a detailed description of the microbiota changes observed upon feeding a formula with 2 HMOs in comparison to breastfed reference infants' microbiota. Then, we associate the microbiota to long-term health as assessed by prescribed antibiotic use.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Linking Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Infant Fecal Community Types, and Later Risk To Require Antibiotics

Berger

Porta

Foata

et al. 2020

mBio

119

131

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“…Indeed, Lewis et al [34] reported that Bifidobacterium strains that are able to utilize 2 -FL are enriched in the stools of the infants receiving breast milk of secretors, compared to those of non-secretors. Several previous studies showed that the bifidobacterial population increases more rapidly and abundantly in infants fed by secretor mothers than those fed by non-secretor mothers [34,78,79]. Two FL transporters we mentioned above can import both 2 -FL and 3-FL [40]; therefore, bifidobacteria carrying the transporters can adapt to FL from both secretors and non-secretors.…”

Section: Milk Oligosaccharide Composition May Dictate Transporter-drimentioning

confidence: 90%

Varied Pathways of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacterium to Assimilate Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Prevalence of the Gene Set and Its Correlation with Bifidobacteria-Rich Microbiota Formation

et al. 2019

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The infant’s gut microbiome is generally rich in the Bifidobacterium genus. The mother’s milk contains natural prebiotics, called human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids, and of the different gut microbes, infant gut-associated bifidobacteria are the most efficient in assimilating HMOs. Indeed, the fecal concentration of HMOs was found to be negatively correlated with the fecal abundance of Bifidobacterium in infants. Given these results, two HMO molecules, 2′-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose, have recently been industrialized to fortify formula milk. As of now, however, our knowledge about the HMO consumption pathways in infant gut-associated bifidobacteria is still incomplete. The recent studies indicate that HMO assimilation abilities significantly vary among different Bifidobacterium species and strains. Therefore, to truly maximize the effects of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation in commercialized formula, we need to understand HMO consumption behaviors of bifidobacteria in more detail. In this review, we summarized how different Bifidobacterium species/strains are equipped with varied gene sets required for HMO assimilation. We then examined the correlation between the abundance of the HMO-related genes and bifidobacteria-rich microbiota formation in the infant gut through data mining analysis of a deposited fecal microbiome shotgun sequencing dataset. Finally, we shortly described future perspectives on HMO-related studies.

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“…Studies have shown that breastfeeding is associated with higher levels of Bifidobacterium 1,2,16 , which is consistent with our study. The genus Bifidobacterium possesses multiple benefits, such as modulation of the immune system, production of vitamins, remission of atopic dermatitis symptoms in infants and decrease in rotavirus infections and lactose intolerance in children and adults 10,17 . Bifidobacteria is reported to be associated with diminished risk of allergic diseases 18 and excessive weight gain 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of gut microbiota in exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed babies: a study of 91 term infants

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

180

109

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To compare gut microbiota of healthy infants that were exclusively breast-fed or formula-fed, we recruited 91 infants, who were assigned into three different groups and fed by breast milk (30 babies), formula A (30 babies) or formula B (31 babies) exclusively for more than 4 months after birth. Faecal bacterial composition was tested. Among different groups, α diversity was lower in breast-fed group than formula-fed groups in 40 days of age, but increased significantly in 6 months of age. The Bifidobacterium represented the most predominant genus and Enterobacteriaceae the second in all groups. In 40 days of age, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were significantly higher, while Streptococcus and Enterococcus were significantly lower in breast-fed group than they were in formula A-fed group. Lachnospiraceae was lower in breast-fed than formula B-fed group. Veillonella and Clostridioides were lower in breast-fed than formula-fed groups. In 3 months of age there were less Lachnospiraceae and Clostridioides in breast-fed group than formula-fed groups. There were also significant differences of microbiota between formula A-fed and formula B-fed groups. Those differences may have impacts on their long-term health.

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The Fecal Microbial Community of Breast-fed Infants from Armenia and Georgia

Cited by 29 publications

References 77 publications

Linking Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Infant Fecal Community Types, and Later Risk To Require Antibiotics

Linking Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Infant Fecal Community Types, and Later Risk To Require Antibiotics

Varied Pathways of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacterium to Assimilate Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Prevalence of the Gene Set and Its Correlation with Bifidobacteria-Rich Microbiota Formation

Comparison of gut microbiota in exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed babies: a study of 91 term infants

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