The February 2001 Eruption of Mount Cleveland, Alaska: Case Study of an Aviation Hazard

Simpson, Joseph; Hufford, Gary L.; Pieri, David C.; Servranckx, R.; Berg, Jared S.; Bauer, Craig P.

doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0691:tfeomc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…5 and Table 2) are known to have occurred. Detection of this cloud was initially hampered by some diffuse cirrus cloud from storms over Japan earlier in the afternoon, by the moist air into which the eruption occurred (similar to the case described by Simpson et al (2002)), and presumably also by water present in the phreatomagmatic eruption column (Rose et al, 1995). However, weak ∆T*s of -1.5 to -2.0 K were visible in the plume until it moved over the developing low at 1230 UTC, which although 35 K warmer than the eruption cloud at that stage, presented a sufficiently cold background to inhibit detection ) when combined with the other factors.…”

Section: Miyakejima 18 -19 August 2000mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Aircraft in the vicinity need to know about volcanic eruptions immediately that ash is at cruising levels, with a five-minute desired notification time often quoted (eg Ellrod et al, 2002;Simpson et al, 2002;FAA, 2001), based on the knowledge that an eruption cloud can reach cruising levels within five minutes of the eruption (FAA, 2001). ICAO (2000) set no actual lead-time standards; warnings are presumed to go out as soon as possible, which in practice has been known to take hours.…”

Section: Detection Of Volcanic Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

Tupper

Carn

Davey

et al. 2004

Remote Sensing of Environment

108

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We examined recent volcanic cloud events in the Western Pacific and Indonesian area, to validate the performance of remote sensing techniques used to support the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW). Five events were considered, during which eruptions from eight volcanoes injected ash into the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere. For one of the eruptions, at Miyakejima, Japan, at least five aircraft encountered volcanic ash clouds, and the cost to three operators alone exceeded US $12,000,000 in aircraft repairs, diversions, and lost operating time. We performed 'reverse' absorption and 'pattern analysis' using GMS-5/VISSR, MODIS and AVHRR data, and we examined TOMS SO 2 and Aerosol Index data, surface-based observations, pilot reports, and dispersion model output. Our results verify that the introduction of 'reverse' absorption using the geostationary GMS-5 platform significantly enhanced our capacity to monitor volcanic ash clouds in the region. In one case, we tracked an eruption cloud for approximately 80 hours. The primary impediment to remote monitoring is the presence of overlying cloud, or substantial amounts of ice within the volcanic clouds. TOMS data showed success in identifying volcanic clouds during these conditions, but was limited by the infrequency of observations. More effective future operation of the IAVW relies on developing complementary methods of volcanic cloud remote sensing, and greatly increasing the amount and quality of available surface and air observations, including observations of precursor activity. An understanding of the likely future limitations of remote sensing techniques will aid in the refining of IAVW procedures.

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Section: Miyakejima 18 -19 August 2000mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Detection Of Volcanic Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

Tupper

Carn

Davey

et al. 2004

Remote Sensing of Environment

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…European airspace: making the 'invisible' visible While Eyjafjallajökull was not the first volcanic eruption to endanger aircraft and disrupt air traffic (see Casadevall, 1994aCasadevall, , 1994bCantor 1998;Hufford et al 2000;Simpson et al 2002;Guffanti et al 2005;Owen 2006;Prata and Tupper, 2009), both its short-term socio-economic effects and longer-term regulatory implications were profound. On an average weekday, 25,000-28,500 commercial flights, plus many thousands more military and private aircraft, use European airspace.…”

Section: Figure 1: Eyjafjallajökull's Effects On European Air Trafficmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fiasco of Volcanic Proportions? Eyjafjallajökull and the Closure of European Airspace

Budd¹,

Griggs²,

Howarth³

et al. 2011

Mobilities

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“…Every modeled ash cloud has a different structure, shape, dispersion and travel distance depending upon the physical processes at the source volcano, altitude of the cloud and wind fields at the time of the eruption. Figures 2 and 3 show selected events from Schneider et al 1995;Dean et al 2011;Simpson et al 2002;Dean et al 2004;Sassen et al 2007 andSchneider et al 2008). Figures 2a and 3a for Crater Peak, Mt.…”

Section: Time Series Analysis: 1970 To Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion modeling of volcanic ash clouds: North Pacific eruptions, the past 40 years: 1970–2010

et al. 2011

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Over the last 40 years, there have been numerous volcanic eruptions across the North Pacific (NOPAC) region that posed a potential threat to both local communities and transcontinental aircraft. The ability to detect these volcanic clouds using satellite remote sensing and predict their movement by dispersion modeling is a major component of hazard mitigation. The Puff volcanic ash transport and dispersion model, used by the Alaska Volcano Observatory, was used to illustrate the impact that these volcanic ash clouds have made across the NOPAC and entire Polar region over the past 40 years. Nearly, 400 separate ash clouds were analyzed that were either reported or detected to have reached above 6 km (20,000 ft) above sea level, an average of one ash cloud every 1.25 months. Particular events showed that ash clouds can be tracked from Alaska to Greenland (Crater Peak, Mount Spurr in 1992), from Kamchatka to Alaska (Kluvicheskoi Volcano in 1994), from Alaska to California (Mount Cleveland Volcano in 2001) and from multiple events within 1 day (Mount Augustine Volcano in 2006). This study showed the vast number of events that have impacted this Polar region and how tracking them is useful for hazard mitigation.

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The February 2001 Eruption of Mount Cleveland, Alaska: Case Study of an Aviation Hazard

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

A Fiasco of Volcanic Proportions? Eyjafjallajökull and the Closure of European Airspace

Dispersion modeling of volcanic ash clouds: North Pacific eruptions, the past 40 years: 1970–2010

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