The features of emulsion copolymerization for plant oil-based vinyl monomers and styrene

Kingsley, Kyle; Shevchuk, Oleh; Demchuk, Zoriana; Voronov, Stanislav; Voronov, Аndriy

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.08.043

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Molecular weight follows poly(MMA-co-OVM) > poly(MMA-co-SBM), as well as poly(St-co-OVM) > poly(MMA-co-SBM), corresponding to increasing unsaturation amounts of POBM. A similar effect was observed by increasing the fraction of plant oil-monomer in the initial mixture in our previous study [11][12][13]22]. Decreasing molecular weight is explained by effect of degradative chain transfer on the monomer (allylic termination) provided by differing numbers of allylic hydrogen atoms in the monomer molecules.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Recently, we developed a one-step method of plant oil direct transesterification into vinyl monomers for free radical polymerization and copolymerization [11][12][13]22]. It was demonstrated that the rate of POBM homopolymerization, where chain propagation coexists with chain transfer reaction on monomers, is determined primarily by the amount of unsaturation in each plant oil triglycerides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticizing and Hydrophobizing Effect of Plant OilBased Acrylic Monomers in Latex Copolymers with Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate

Demchuk¹,

Kirianchuk²,

Kingsley³

et al. 2018

IJTAN

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Latex nanoparticles from acrylic monomers (made from olive and soybean oil which are significantly different in terms of fatty acid unsaturation amount) were synthesized using miniemulsion copolymerization with styrene and methyl methacrylate. Presence of plant oil-based fragments impacts thermomechanical properties of latex films by decreasing glass transition temperature and creating a plasticizing effect. The thermomechanical properties of resulting latex nanoparticles depend considerably on the amount of incorporated oil-derived fragments. As a result, biobased ingredients make latex copolymers more flexible, improve material film forming properties, and provide flexibility and toughness when compared to the normally rigid polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate). In addition, plant oil-based fragments enhance hydrophobicity of the crosslinked latex films and can be considered as additives to reduce water sensitivity of the polymer network.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticizing and Hydrophobizing Effect of Plant OilBased Acrylic Monomers in Latex Copolymers with Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate

Demchuk¹,

Kirianchuk²,

Kingsley³

et al. 2018

IJTAN

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“…Vinyl monomers from plant oils that have different degrees of unsaturation, soybean, and olive oils, were copolymerized in emulsion with styrene to investigate the kinetics features and feasibility of latex formation. The kinetics of emulsion copolymerization of styrene with the olive and soybean monomers agree with the Smith-Ewart theory since the number of nucleated latex particles is proportional to the surfactant and initiator concentration to the powers 0.58–0.64 and 0.39–0.46, respectively [ 33 ]. Copolymerization of styrene with POBMs follows the typical phenomenology for emulsion polymerization of hydrophobic monomers with a micellar nucleation mechanism.…”

Section: Features Of Homo- and Copolymerization Of Plant Oil-basedmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The average molecular weight of the synthesized polymers varies in the range of 30,000–391,500. It was found that the molecular weight of the latex copolymers decreases with increasing unsaturation degree of the POBMs and their content in the reaction mixture, which is explained by degradative chain transfer to unsaturated fatty acid chains [ 15 , 33 ].…”

Section: Features Of Homo- and Copolymerization Of Plant Oil-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Conventional Features of Plant Oil-Based Acrylic Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization

et al. 2020

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In recent years, polymer chemistry has experienced an intensive development of a new field regarding the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic biobased monomers obtained from renewable plant sources. A one-step process for the synthesis of new vinyl monomers by the reaction of direct transesterification of plant oil triglycerides with N-(hydroxyethyl)acrylamide has been recently invented to yield plant oil-based monomers (POBMs). The features of the POBM chemical structure, containing both a polar (hydrophilic) fragment capable of electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic acyl fatty acid moieties (C15-C17) capable of van der Waals interactions, ensures the participation of the POBMs fragments of polymers in intermolecular interactions before and during polymerization. The use of the POBMs with different unsaturations in copolymerization reactions with conventional vinyl monomers allows for obtaining copolymers with enhanced hydrophobicity, provides a mechanism of internal plasticization and control of crosslinking degree. Synthesized latexes and latex polymers are promising candidates for the formation of hydrophobic polymer coatings with controlled physical and mechanical properties through the targeted control of the content of different POBM units with different degrees of unsaturation in the latex polymers.

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“…Apart from offering an improved environmental compliance, other advantages include the selection of wide range of raw materials enabling better control of final product properties and performance with various end‐applications. The versatility of this process has caused the production in waterborne polymer industry to expand incrementally over the years especially in the manufacturing of synthetic rubbers, toughened plastics, paints, adhesives, coatings, and varnishes as well as cosmetics, biomaterials, and high‐tech product …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility Studies of Pilot‐Scale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)

Harmain¹,

Chan

2018

Macromolecular Symposia

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Studies on emulsion polymerization (EP) of poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) [P(S‐co‐BA)] can be accessed in open literature. However, these studies are mostly focusing on lab‐scale polymerization and subsequently characterization, of which discussion on pilot‐scale or mass‐production‐scale of the polymerization is scant. This paper focuses on the batch‐to‐batch reproducibility of P(S‐co‐BA) with 78.7 mol% of styrene and 21.3 mol% of butyl acrylate via EP in 3 metric‐ton (MT) pilot‐scale reactor. Polymerization efficiency, molecular, and physical characterization of the copolymers are examined using gravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), viscometer, capillary rheometer, particle size analyzer (including dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction techniques), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gravimetric analysis on the monomer conversion reveals that the polymerization in 3‐MT reactor is efficient with 100% conversion. Besides, 1H‐NMR results reveal that the styrene‐to‐butyl acrylate mole ratio of the copolymer is of close approximation of the monomer feed amount while FTIR is a rather convenient quality control (QC) tool for batch‐to‐batch reproducibility on the copolymer molecular structured. The physical characteristic of [P(S‐co‐BA)] for all five batches are considered reproducible.

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The features of emulsion copolymerization for plant oil-based vinyl monomers and styrene

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Plasticizing and Hydrophobizing Effect of Plant OilBased Acrylic Monomers in Latex Copolymers with Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate

Plasticizing and Hydrophobizing Effect of Plant OilBased Acrylic Monomers in Latex Copolymers with Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate

Non-Conventional Features of Plant Oil-Based Acrylic Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization

Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility Studies of Pilot‐Scale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)

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