The Features and Progress of Electrolyte for Potassium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Nowadays, Li‐ion batteries have achieved great success and are widely used in various fields. However, the scarcity and uneven distribution of lithium resources together with the increasing cost may hamper the sustainable development of Li‐ion batteries in the future. Hence, many researchers have turned to potassium ion batteries due to their abundant raw materials, low price, and high energy density. Although great progress has been made in recent years, there are still existing many challenges, especially the severe side reaction between electrolyte and K metal, which leads to an unstable solid–liquid interface and low coulombic efficiency. Hence, an excellent electrolyte may be the key to development of K‐ion batteries in the future. Unfortunately, no systematic research has been conducted to study the electrolyte and its role on the performance yet. In order to compensate for this limitation, in this paper, the status and progress of electrolytes for K‐ion batteries are reviewed, the issues and challenges existing in the development of electrolyte are clarified, and the future development is prospected.

Carbon‐based anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries: From material, mechanism to performance

“…However, the barren and geographic maldistribution of lithium resource in the Earth's crust (17 ppm, mainly in Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia 6 ) and its high cost seriously hamper its application in large‐scale electric power devices where low cost, long cycle life, high energy density, and fast charge‐discharge capability should be met 7,8 . In this regard, sodium and potassium, in the same main group with Li element in the elemental table with similar physico‐chemical properties, have attracted extensive attention for their abundant distribution in the Earth's crust (23000 ppm for Na, and 15000 ppm for K, Figure 1A, the diameter for each circle represents log(abundance)) and low cost 9,10 …”

Advanced Pre‐Diagnosis Method of Biomass Intermediates Toward High Energy Dual‐Carbon Potassium‐Ion Capacitor

“…Consequently, the contribution of diffusion‐controlled and capacitive‐dominated processes can be determined. [ 34 ] As shown in Figure S34b, Supporting Information, the shaded part corresponds to the capacitive current response compared to the total current response at the scan rate of 0.5 mV s −1 . By calculating the region of the shadow area for the half‐cell based on SC corn anode, the capacitive‐controlled contribution to the all‐stored charge is 68.8%, which is higher than that of SC soybeans , SC batam , and SC shallot anodes (29.6%, 46.7%, and 52.2%, respectively).…”

Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries

“…However, the electrochemical redox potential of K + /K is more close to Li + (‐2.93 V of K + /K and ‐3.04 V of Li + /Li), so that KIBs can theoretically deliver a higher working platform. [ 56,178 ] Moreover, potassium has good flexibility, enabling better contact between materials and can expand the application field of technology. [ 68,179,180 ] Therefore, KIBs also have good research value and application potentials.…”

“…), and additives (FEC, VC, etc.). [ 56–59 ] In addition, aqueous liquid electrolytes (water as solvent), ionic liquid electrolytes, and quasi‐/solid‐phase electrolytes have also been attracting considerable attentions due to their high safety. [ 60,61 ]…”