The FDI-CO₂ nexus from the sustainable development perspective: the case of Azerbaijan

Sustainable relationship between FDI, R&D, and CO2 emissions in emerging markets: An empirical analysis of BRICS countries

“…On the other hand, multiple studies demonstrate the nexus between FDI and environment pollution to test whether the former is a factor in the degradation of the environment of host countries as a trade-off for economic growth, but the results of different studies do not reach common ground (Aliyu, 2005;Hoffmann et al 2005;Yang et al, 2008;Hitam and Borhan, 2012;Jun et al, 2018;Mukhtarov et al, 2020).…”

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Brics Countries: The Role of Carbon Emissions

“…Management Volume 16 Number 7, October 2021: 318-331 The role of energy consumption and its attending environmental consequences are missing from the above literature. Although numerous FDI-energy or FDI and environment literature are recently available (Essandoh et al, 2019;Yilanci, 2019;Akram, 2020;Do & Dinh, 2020;Jiang et al, 2020;Mahmood et al, 2020;Mukhtarov et al, 2020;Nguyen et al, 2020;Rana & Sharma, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Yüksel., et al 2020), they are mainly on the role of FDI on energyrelated variables, but not the other way round, except for a recent study by Yüksel, et al (2020), who uses a bivariate model to prove the negative effect of CO2 on FDI. Essandoh et al (2019) studied both developed and developing economies in terms of the environmental effect of trade and FDI and suggested that both are critical forces in determining CO2 emissions.…”

“…Their result from vector error correction model reveals that FDI have a positive effect on CO2, while all other variables exhibit a contrary result. Mukhtarov et al (2020) observed the FDI-CO2 nexus in Azerbaijan and suggested that FDI produce a positive impact on CO2 up to 2006, and subsequently, the effect turned to be negative.…”

“…BRICS is the host of more than 15% of the total global FDI flow as at 2015 and it is the home of 9% of the total global FDI stock in the same year (UNCTAD, 2016). FDI is one of the strong contributors of greenhouse remittance and a few recent studies revealed its massive link to the amount of CO2 remitted in a country or set of countries (Essandoh et al, 2019;Do & Dinh, 2020;Jiang et al, 2020;Mahmood et al, 2020;Mukhtarov et al, 2020;Nguyen et al, 2020;Rana & Sharma, 2020). All the aforementioned studies have explored similar perspectives, in which the effect of FDI on the CO2 emissions has been examined and not the other way round, and they mostly reported the positive effect, with some few exceptions in the case of Do and Dinh (2020), who found the results showed a negative effect after some period of time, and Mahmood et al (2020), who did not found any significant relationship between the two.…”

The nexus amid foreign direct investment, urbanization, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from energy grouping along the ECOWAS community

“…However, with FDI inflows' positive impact on economic growth, theoretically, there are two competing schools of thought about the relationship between the FDI inflows and environmental pollution. Scholars such as (Mukhtarov et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020) regard FDI inflows as one of the key factors that contribute to environmental degradation, whereas others, such as (Munir & Ameer, 2020;Sabir et al, 2020), argue that FDI inflows increase the quality of the environment. A closely linked variable with environmental degradation is urbanization with its associated industrialization and agricultural modernization (Odugbesan & Rjoub, 2020).…”