The fate of the antidiuretic activity of Pitressin in rats

Dicker, S. E.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005121

Cited by 33 publications

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“…It will be recalled that after the injection or infusion of vasopressin into rats, dogs or man, the proportionate excretion of antidiuretic activity was about the same (O'Connor, 1951;Ginsburg & Heller, 1953;Noble & Taylor, 1953;Dicker, 1954) and was unaffected by changes in glomerular filtration or variations in urine flow (O'Connor, 1951) Assuming that the degree of inactivation of vasopressin by kidney and liver was of the same order of magnitude in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, it may be possible now to gain some insight into the fate of injected vasopressin in normal rats. Blood plasma does not seem to inactivate vasopressin (Dicker & Ginsburg, 1950) and according to Heller & Urban (1935) and to Birnie (1953) other tissues seem to be fairly inactive in that respect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The degree of inactivation of the antidiuretic activity of vasopressin by the kidneys and the liver of rats

Dicker¹,

Greenbaum²

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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Heller (1937) Heller's (1937) conclusions that 'as the amount of hormone injected is increased the proportion of the hormone which is excreted in the urine decreases'. This would suggest that glomerular filtration might be a contributory factor, as the filtration rate of rabbits would be very small after large doses.More recently it has been found that in rats infused with amounts of vasopressin ranging from 300 to 1500 ,uU/100 g, the antidiuretic activity of the urine was equivalent to 8.1 + 1-23 % of the dose administered (Dicker, 1954).The antidiuretic activity present in the urine was unaffected by the height of the water load, and hence by changes in glomerular filtration or by the rate of urine flow. In hypophysectomized dogs, O'Connor (1951) showed that the rate of excretion of antidiuretic activity in the urine was equivalent to 12 % of the rate at which vasopressin was infused, and was, as in rats, independent of the volume of urine excreted. Finally, in man, the antidiuretic activity of the urine was found to be equivalent to 12-8 % of the amount of vasopressin infused (Noble & Taylor, 1953). There can thus be little doubt that the antidiuretic activity found in the urine could account for only 10 % of the activity of the vasopressin administered. Therefore vasopressin antidiuretic activity is largely destroyed in the body. This paper is concerned with the nature of this inactivation process, and incidentally demonstrates that the small amount of

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently it has been found that in rats infused with amounts of vasopressin ranging from 300 to 1500 ,uU/100 g, the antidiuretic activity of the urine was equivalent to 8.1 + 1-23 % of the dose administered (Dicker, 1954).…”

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The degree of inactivation of the antidiuretic activity of vasopressin by the kidneys and the liver of rats

Dicker¹,

Greenbaum²

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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“…However, the description of ethanol anaesthesia as a state of " functional neurohypophysectomy " (Dicker, 1954) does not apply as far as the stimulation of the posterior pituitary by haemorrhage is concerned. In contrast to ethanol, anaesthesia with chloralose did suppress the liberation of antidiuretic hormone during haemorrhage; how this was achieved is not clear at present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Shannon, 1942) and 0.3-1.2 mU./hr. in rats (Dicker, 1954); assuming that the vasopressin content of the posterior lobe does not vary greatly from day to day, this rate must be approximately equal to that at which the hormone store is replenished. In Hild and Zetler's (1953) experiments, after restoration of access to water to dogs which had been thirsted for 14 days, the vasopressor potency of neurohypophyses increased at a rate of 2.8 units/day, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anaesthetics and Haemorrhage on the Release of Neurohypophysial Antidiuretic Hormone

Ginsburg

Brown

1956

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The first demonstration of "physiological" or "pharmacological" activity in extracts from the posterior pituitary gland was made by Oliver and Schafer (1895) when they discovered that these extracts raise the blood pressure. Since then, although the role of neurohypophysial principles in the physiological control of the renal excretion of water and of milk ejection has been well established, very little evidence has been adduced which indicates a physiological role for the pressor action of neurohypophysial antidiuretic hormone.Rydin and Verney (1938) showed that removal of blood from arteries in dogs resulted in an antidiuretic response which they concluded " was humorally determined and that the humoral agent was not adrenaline." Ginsburg and Heller (1953b) found that the antidiuretic activity in blood increased during haemorrhage in anaesthetized rats, and they concluded that there was increased release of antidiuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis.The amounts of antidiuretic hormone found in blood were large enough to suggest that it may have had an effect on blood pressure in these conditions. The effect of haemorrhage on the neurohypophysis has therefore been more fully investigated, with particular reference to the anaesthetics used. METHODSYoung adult rats (170-270 g.) of the albino Wistar strain were anaesthetized with ether, pentobarbitone sodium (65 mg./kg. intraperitoneally), urethane (2.0 g./kg. subcutaneously), chloralose (60-100 mg./kg. intravenously), or ethanol (3-5 ml./kg. intravenously).Ethanol (30% v/v in 0.9% NaCl solution) and chloralose were injected into conscious animals through a polyethylene catheter which had been inserted in a femoral vein under ether anaesthesia 18 hr. previously.The trachea, femoral vein, and the cephalic end of an external jugular vein were cannulated. Blood pressure was recorded from a femoral artery, rather than a carotid artery, in order to avoid disturbance of cerebral circulation." Slow " Haenworrhage.-In most experiments 0.5 ml.blood/100 g. body wt. was withdrawn from the external jugular vein at 4 min. intervals until 5-7 such withdrawals had been made. When blood samples (0.2-0.9 ml.) for biological assay were taken, an equal volume of rat blood was simultaneously returned into the animal through the femoral vein. The first samples for assay were taken two minutes before the first haemorrhage, and subsequent samples were taken in the middle of the interval between haemorrhages." Rapid" Haemorrhage.-In a few experiments the net loss of blood was achieved more quickly and remained more or less constant during the collection of the samples for assay. The barrel of a 10 ml. syringe was attached by polyethylene tubing to a cannula in a femoral artery. The syringe was held lower than the animal and blood was allowed to flow into it. When 5-6 ml. of blood had been withdrawn the syringe was raised so that the level of blood in it was 40-45 cm. above the rat's heart. In this way the blood pressure of the rat was maintained at 32-36 mm. Hg. Samples of blood for ...

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“…In the case of vasopressin, this has been shown clearly to be due to the rapid uptake of the hormone from the blood by the kidneys and the liver, rather than to irreversible inactivation of the hormone in the circulating blood (Ginsburg and Heller, 1953a;Crawford and Pinkham, 1954;Dicker, 1954;Ginsburg, 1957). Jones and Schlapp (1936) and more recently Chaudhury and Walker (1957) have shown that oxytocin, also, has a short lifetime in the circulation.…”

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The Fate of Oxytocin in Male and Female Rats

Ginsburg

Smith

1959

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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A method for quantitative extraction of oxytocin from blood is described. The disappearance of injected oxytocin from the circulation in rats was shown to depend upon its uptake in the kidneys and in organs of the splanchnic vascular area. In lactating rats there was uptake by an additional organ or tissue, probably the mammary gland. In animals without kidneys or lactating mammary glands and with no circulation in the splanchnic area oxytocin was distributed into a volume greater than the extracellular fluid volume, and after equilibration the concentration in plasma did not change significantly. During severe haemorrhage increased amounts of antidiuretic activity were detected in blood when there was no significant increase in oxytocic activity.

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The fate of the antidiuretic activity of Pitressin in rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

The degree of inactivation of the antidiuretic activity of vasopressin by the kidneys and the liver of rats

The degree of inactivation of the antidiuretic activity of vasopressin by the kidneys and the liver of rats

Effect of Anaesthetics and Haemorrhage on the Release of Neurohypophysial Antidiuretic Hormone

The Fate of Oxytocin in Male and Female Rats

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