The fate of sex chromosomes during the evolution of monoicy from dioicy in liverworts

Singh, Shilpi; Davies, Kevin; Chagné, David; Bowman, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.023

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This need not, however, reflect genetic degeneration but could instead indicate selection favoring non–sex-chromosomal locations for genes with essential functions in the gametophyte stages, leading to genes moving to autosomes over the vast evolutionary time since these sex-linked regions evolved. Movements from sex-linked regions to autosomes have recently been detected in bryophytes ( Singh et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Genetic Degeneration and Chromosome Heteromorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the polyploid Sphagnum angustifolium , the UV pair may have evolved independently (perhaps from an ancestral monoicous state like that of some related species) ( Healey et al 2023 ). It is unknown how haploid plants can evolve to be monoicous and express both sex functions and whether this involves a stage in which gametophytes carry both U and V chromosomes, as suggested for the monoicous species Ricciocarpos natans ( Singh et al 2023 ). Interestingly, the S. angustifolium U and V are both small and derived from a larger ancestral chromosome ( Healey et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Genetic Degeneration and Chromosome Heteromorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Divergence is much higher between UV gametologs of the bryophyte M. polymorpha ( Yamato et al 2007 ), indicating a very ancient origination time without subsequent loss of the separate sexed state ( Iwasaki et al 2021 ; Singh et al 2023 ). However, the haploid gametophytes of many bryophyte species produce gametes of both sexes (monoicy), indicating that sex-determining systems can change.…”

Section: How Old Are Nonrecombining Sex-determining Regions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why should we study plant sex chromosomes?

Charlesworth,

Harkess

2024

The Plant Cell

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Understanding plant sex chromosomes involves studying interactions between developmental and physiological genetics, genome evolution, and evolutionary ecology. We focus on areas of overlap between these. Ideas about how species with separate sexes (dioecious species, in plant terminology) can evolve are even more relevant to plants than to most animal taxa because dioecy has evolved many times from ancestral functionally hermaphroditic populations, often recently. One aim of studying plant sex chromosomes is to discover how separate males and females evolved from ancestors with no such genetic sex-determining polymorphism, and the diversity in the genetic control of maleness vs femaleness. Different systems share some interesting features, and their differences help to understand why completely sex-linked regions may evolve. In some dioecious plants, the sex-determining genome regions are physically small. In others, regions without crossing over have evolved sometimes extensive regions with properties very similar to those of the familiar animal sex chromosomes. The differences also affect the evolutionary changes possible when the environment (or pollination environment, for angiosperms) changes, as dioecy is an ecologically risky strategy for sessile organisms. Dioecious plants have repeatedly reverted to cosexuality, and hermaphroditic strains of fruit crops such as papaya and grapes are desired by plant breeders. Sex-linked regions are predicted to become enriched in genes with sex differences in expression, especially when higher expression benefits one sex function but harms the other. Such trade-offs may be important for understanding other plant developmental and physiological processes and have direct applications in plant breeding.

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Section: Genetic Degeneration and Chromosome Heteromorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Degeneration and Chromosome Heteromorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Old Are Nonrecombining Sex-determining Regions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why should we study plant sex chromosomes?

Charlesworth,

Harkess

2024

The Plant Cell

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“…The heterochronic production of sex organs is likely what led to some early researchers to suggest dioicy ( Campbell, 1895 ; Leitgeb, 1879 ). It is this derived feature, the evolution of monoicy from ancestral dioicy, without a major karyotype change [n = 9 ( Siler, 1934 ), from the ancestral state of liverworts ( Berrie, 1960 )], that induced us to develop Ricciocarpos as a model to investigate the genomic consequences of a shift in sexual systems ( Singh et al., 2023 ). The antheridia and archegonia are produced along the dorsal furrow in a single row ( Leitgeb, 1879 ; Garber, 1904 ; Lewis, 1906 ; Rieth, 1959 ), and their development are typical of the Marchantiopsida ( Leitgeb, 1879 ; Garber, 1904 ; Lewis, 1906 ).…”

Section: Ricciocarpos Natans An Aquatic Monoicous Liverwortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently reported an assembly of the Ricciocarpos natans genome based on approximately 200x coverage of Illumina sequencing followed by scaffold assembly using Hi-C [available at https://genomevolution.org/ ; ( Singh et al., 2023 )]. The current version (v1.0) consists of 38 large scaffolds covering 185.50 Mb genome assembly.…”

Section: Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

The monoicous secondarily aquatic liverwort Ricciocarpos natans as a model within the radiation of derived Marchantiopsida

Singh,

Bowman

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Liverworts represent one of six embryophyte lineages that have a Devonian, or earlier, origin, and are, at present, represented by only Marchantia polymorpha as an established model. Ricciocarpos natans is a secondarily monoicous aquatic liverwort with a worldwide distribution, being found on all continents except Antarctica. Ricciocarpos, a monotypic genus, forms a sister relationship with Riccia, the largest genus of the Marchantiopsida (~250 species), diverging from their common ancestor in the mid-Cretaceous. R. natans is typically found on small stagnant ponds and billabongs (seasonal pools), where it assumes a typical ‘aquatic’ form with long scale keels for stabilization on the water surface. But, as water bodies dry, plants may become stranded and subsequently shift their development to assume a ‘terrestrial’ form with rhizoids anchoring the plants to the substrate. We developed R. natans as a model to address a specific biological question — what are the genomic consequences when monoicy evolves from ancestral dioicy where sex is chromosomally determined? However, R. natans possesses other attributes that makes it a model to investigate a variety of biological processes. For example, it provides a foundation to explore the evolution of sexual systems within Riccia, where it appears monoicy may have evolved many times independently. Furthermore, the worldwide distribution of R. natans postdates plate tectonic driven continent separation, and thus, provides an intriguing model for population genomics. Finally, the transition from an aquatic growth form to a terrestrial growth form is mediated by the phytohormone abscisic acid, and represents convergent evolution with a number of other aquatic embryophytes, a concept we explore further here.

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Sex chromosomes: How to make a hermaphrodite

Ekwealor,

Roy

2023

Current Biology

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The fate of sex chromosomes during the evolution of monoicy from dioicy in liverworts

Cited by 7 publications

References 78 publications

Why should we study plant sex chromosomes?

Why should we study plant sex chromosomes?

The monoicous secondarily aquatic liverwort Ricciocarpos natans as a model within the radiation of derived Marchantiopsida

Sex chromosomes: How to make a hermaphrodite

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