The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in the marine environments: are marine environments safe of COVID-19?

Çağatan, Ayşe Seyer

doi:10.14744/etd.2021.36675

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…pH and salinity are also significant factors that affect infectivity and survival of coronaviruses in seawater. pH may affect viral survival by directly affecting viral capsid protein conformation [99]. However, viruses can survive in water with pH values ranging from 3 to 10 [96].…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The One Health concept for the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to marine ecosystems

2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health threat. This virus is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pandemic prevention is best addressed through an integrated One Health (OH) approach. Understanding zoonotic pathogen fatality and spillover from wildlife to humans are effective for controlling and preventing zoonotic outbreaks. The OH concept depends on the interface of humans, animals, and their environment. Collaboration among veterinary medicine, public health workers and clinicians, and veterinary public health is necessary for rapid response to emerging zoonotic pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 affects aquatic environments, primarily through untreated sewage. Patients with COVID-19 discharge the virus in urine and feces into residential wastewater. Thus, marine organisms may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 by the subsequent discharge of partially treated or untreated wastewater to marine waters. Viral loads can be monitored in sewage and surface waters. Furthermore, shellfish are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Filter-feeding organisms might be monitored to protect consumers. Finally, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 to various environmental factors aids in viral studies. This article highlights the presence and survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the marine environment and its potential to enter marine ecosystems through wastewater. Furthermore, the OH approach is discussed for improving readiness for successive outbreaks. This review analyzes information from public health and epidemiological monitoring tools to control COVID-19 transmission.

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Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The One Health concept for the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to marine ecosystems

2022

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“…The marine environment can be contaminated by the flow of treated or untreated sewage or by bathers providing their body fluids [39,40]. In several studies, the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been detected in the marine environment or wastewater, but this does not mean that the detected virus is infectious [16,40,41].…”

Section: Coronavirus In Natural Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several studies, the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been detected in the marine environment or wastewater, but this does not mean that the detected virus is infectious [16,40,41]. Therefore, when alternative transmission routes are mentioned, factors that affect virus infectivity in the marine environment should be examined [39].…”

Section: Coronavirus In Natural Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct effect of pH affects the conformation of the viral capsid protein and can affect viral survival. Studies carried out on HCoV 229E, MHV (murine hepatitis virus), and TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) showed a significantly faster inactivation in alkaline conditions (pH > 8) and longer viral persistence in slightly acidic conditions (pH = 6.0-6.5) [39,43].…”

Section: Coronavirus In Natural Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean level of ocean salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt or g L −1 ), and the average pH is 8.1. The salinity-pH relationship shows that the pH of seawater increases with an increase in salinity; for example, in the Mediterranean Sea, salinity increases above 38 ppt, while pH increases to 8.5 [39,[44][45][46]. According to Seyer andŞanlıdag [38], due to the great dilution capacity of the ocean and the characteristics of seawater such as high salinity and pH, viral inactivation can occur considering an infectious dose of SARS-CoV-2 (~300).…”

Section: Coronavirus In Natural Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aquatic Biota Is Not Exempt from Coronavirus Infections: An Overview

Núñez-Nogueira

Valentino-Álvarez

Granados-Berber

et al. 2021

Water

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Coronaviruses are pathogens recognized for having an animal origin, commonly associated with terrestrial environments. However, in a few cases, there are reports of their presence in aquatic organisms like fish, frogs, waterfowl, and marine mammals. None of these cases has led to human health effects when contact with these infected organisms has taken place, whether they were alive or dead. Aquatic birds seem to be the main group carrying and circulating these types of viruses among healthy bird populations. Although the route of infection for COVID-19 by water or aquatic organisms has not yet been observed in the wild, the relevance of its study is highlighted because there are cases of other viral infections known to have been transferred to humans by aquatic biota. It is encouraging to know that aquatic species, such as fish, marine mammals, and amphibians, show very few coronavirus cases. Some other aquatic animals may also be a possible source of cure or treatment against, as some evidence with algae and aquatic invertebrates suggest.

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The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in the marine environments: are marine environments safe of COVID-19?

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

The One Health concept for the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to marine ecosystems

The One Health concept for the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to marine ecosystems

Aquatic Biota Is Not Exempt from Coronavirus Infections: An Overview

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