The fate of glycerol entering the rumen of dairy cows and sheep

Omazic, Anna; Kronqvist, Cecilia; Zhong-yan, Lianc; Martens, H.; Holtenius, K.

doi:10.1111/jpn.12245

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…High proportion of gluconeogenic precursors can escape microbial fermentation and degradation of the rumen and absorbed intact in the small intestine [42]. The rest of G is metabolized by rumen microbes mainly to propionate, butyrate, and acetate [8,43] whereas the rest of PG is mainly metabolized into propionate, propanol, and propanal [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows

El-Kasrawy

Swelum

Abdel-Latif

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 108 Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of drenching propylene glycol (PG) either individually or in combination with glycerol (G) on body condition score (BCS), production, reproductive performance, protection against subclinical ketosis and economic benefit of dairy cows during the transition period. The six groups (n = 18/group) were; Control group, cows received no treatment; PG300, cows were drenched 300 mL PG for 7 days pre-expected day of calving and 21 days post-calving; PG400, cows were drenched 400 mL PG for 7 days pre-and 7 days post-calving; PG500, cows were drenched 500 mL PG for 10 days pre-and 10 days post-calving; GPG150, cows were drenched a mixture of 150 mL G and 150 mL PG for 21 days pre-and 21 days post-calving; GPG250, cows were drenched a mixture of 250 mL G and 250 mL PG for 21 days pre-and 21 days post-calving. BCS at 30 days in milk (DIM) was significantly higher in all treated groups in comparison to the control one and the best values were observed in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups. Lactation length (LL) was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups than control group. There was a significant increment in 305 milk yield (p < 0.001) and average daily milk yield (p < 0.001) in GPG250 and PG500 groups than other groups except for PG300 with the lowest values for control and PG400. Cows in all treatment groups were observed in heat and conceived earlier as well as had shorter open days and calving interval durations (p < 0.001) and low number of services per conception (p = 0.004) compared to control group with better results for PG500 and GPG250 groups. BHB level and percentage of cows suffered from subclinical ketosis at 7 DIM was significantly lower in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups than control group. Cows in treatment groups had a significantly higher glucose level (p = 0.006) compared to control group. Regarding to economics, the control group showed the highest feed costs, insemination costs and total costs per animal. Additionally, control and PG400 groups had the highest cost per kilogram of milk from total and feed costs compared to other cows. PG300, PG500 and GPG250 groups recorded a greater net return and income over feed cost (IOFC). In conclusion, the continuous drenching of propylene glycol either individually or in combination with glycerol regimens for long duration (PG300, PG500, GPG150, GPG250) during the transition period of dairy cows may reduce the incidence of subclinical ketosis and consequently improve milk production, reproduction and economics compared to drenching for short duration (PG400).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows

El-Kasrawy

Swelum

Abdel-Latif

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kristensen and Raun [ 27 ], when administering large amounts of glycerol (925 g/d), found that only 10% of this compound was found in the vena porta and the rest reached the liver as volatile fatty acids. Other studies show that glycerol can be absorbed from the rumen in significant amounts and its absorption mainly occurs by passive diffusion [ 28 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Glycerol On Rumen Processes and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism, Ketosis Treatment and Milk Production after Using Glycerol in Dairy Cows: A Review

Kupczyński

Szumny

Wujcikowska

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this paper is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on glycol metabolism in cattle. Glycerol, derived from biodiesel production, must be purified in order to be a useful product for feeding livestock. The use of glycerol in the feeding of ruminants can be justified for several reasons: (i) it is a source of energy in the ration, (ii) it is a glucogenic precursor, and (iii) it may have an effect on milk composition. The high energy value of glycerol provides the opportunity to use this raw material as a partial grain substitute in cattle feed rations. Dietary supplementation of glycerol is associated with increased propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations in the rumen. Glycerol can be used at up to 10%–15% of the dietary dry matter (DM) and is well-established as a treatment for ketosis in cows. Glycerol increases plasma glucose and may reduce non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate levels. The use of glycerol does not have a clear effect on DM intake, milk yield, or milk composition. However, some authors have reported an increase in milk yield after glycerol supplementation associated with decreased milk fat concentration. It is also possible that the concentration in the milk of odd-chain fatty acids and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid may increase after glycerol application.

show abstract

“…Lactic acidosis is reduced due to an increase in the population of lactate-consuming bacteria and undue fermentation [19]. As a consequence, some benefits are gained, such as rumen development and feed efficiency improvement [15,16].…”

Section: Ruminal Digestion and Fermentation Of Crude Glycerinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its own fermentation profile, crude glycerin can avoid severe reduction of ruminal pH and the development of rumen acidosis. The larger portion of crude glycerin (∼43%) is rapidly absorbed by rumen papillae, whereas 25-45% are fermented to butyrate and propionate by alternative fermentative pathway (via succinate) and do not generate lactic acid, benefiting the rumen development and thus improving the feed efficiency [15,16,50].…”

Section: Crude Glycerin As a Strategy Ingredientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once ingested and in the animal rumen, glycerol mostly disappears in the first 24 h [14]. It may be directly absorbed by the epithelium of the digestive system via passive diffusion (probably without facilitated diffusion carriers) and act as a gluconeogenic substrate in the liver [15,16]. Glycerol may be transformed into propionate and butyrate [17,18] by ruminal microorganisms, or it may outflow from the rumen through the omasal orifice without transformation [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inclusion of Crude Glycerin in Diets for Sheep

Almeida¹,

Paschoaloto²

2019

Glycerine Production and Transformation - An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crude glycerin is the main by-product of biodiesel industry. It has a great potential for reducing the feed costs in ruminant feedlot systems without affecting animal health and performance, mainly as a replacement for conventional food energy sources, such as corn grain. In the past years, great advancements have been achieved with crude glycerin utilization. This by-product is mainly composed of glycerol, an energetic compound of great assimilation by rumen microorganisms, being extensively metabolized in the liver. Recent studies with ovine species have demonstrated that high concentrations of glycerol (more than 76% of crude glycerin) can be used without detrimental effect for animals. In the rumen, glycerol is rapidly metabolized by microorganisms to form volatile fatty acids (VFA), mainly propionate and butyrate. In this way, glycerol constitutes an excellent substrate for gluconeogenesis and animal energy generation. At present, the inclusion of up to 20% of dry matter (DM) in a total diet seems to be the most interesting strategy, as it promotes greatest animal performance. However, other studies suggest that high inclusions of crude glycerin (30% of dry matter) could be possible depending on market price and the structure of farm operation, with favorable economic results.

show abstract

The fate of glycerol entering the rumen of dairy cows and sheep

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows

Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows

Metabolism, Ketosis Treatment and Milk Production after Using Glycerol in Dairy Cows: A Review

Inclusion of Crude Glycerin in Diets for Sheep

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About